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Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1439-1444, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Responses of Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells to Shiga Toxins 1 and 2 and Pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Colitis

Mary S. Jacewicz,1 David W. K. Acheson,1 David G. Binion,2 Gail A. West,3 Lisa L. Lincicome,1 Claudio Fiocchi,3 and Gerald T. Keusch1,*

Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 021111; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 532262; and Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 441063

Received 17 August 1998/Returned for modification 23 September 1998/Accepted 4 December 1998

Endothelial damage is characteristic of infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Because Stx-mediated endothelial cell damage at the site of infection may lead to the characteristic hemorrhagic colitis of STEC infection, we compared the effects of Stx1 and Stx2 on primary and transformed human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) to those on macrovascular endothelial cells from human saphenous vein (HSVEC). Adhesion molecule, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and Stx receptor expression, the effects of cytokine activation and Stx toxins on these responses, and Stx1 and Stx2 binding kinetics and bioactivity were measured. Adhesion molecule and IL-8 expression increased in activated HIMEC, but these responses were blunted in the presence of toxin, especially in the presence of Stx1. In contrast to HSVEC, unstimulated HIMEC constitutively expressed Stx receptor at high levels, bound large amounts of toxin, were highly sensitive to toxin, and were not further sensitized by cytokines. Although the binding capacities of HIMEC for Stx1 and Stx2 were comparable, the binding affinity of Stx1 to HIMEC was 50-fold greater than that of Stx2. Nonetheless, Stx2 was more toxic to HIMEC than an equivalent amount of Stx1. The decreased binding affinity and increased toxicity for HIMEC of Stx2 compared to those of Stx1 may be relevant to the preponderance of Stx2-producing STEC involved in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis and its systemic complications. The differences between primary and transformed HIMEC in these responses were negligible. We conclude that transformed HIMEC lines could represent a simple physiologically relevant model to study the role of Stx in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St., Box 041, Boston, MA 02111. Phone: (617) 636-7004. Fax: (617) 636-5292. E-mail: gtk{at}es.nemc.org.

Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1439-1444, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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