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Infection and Immunity, September 1999, p. 4320-4325, Vol. 67, No. 9
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Intranasal Immunization with Heat-Inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae Protects Mice against Systemic Pneumococcal Infection

Benedicte K. R. Hvalbye,1 Ingeborg S. Aaberge,1,* Martinus Løvik,1,2 and Bjørn Haneberg1

Department of Vaccinology1 and Department of Environmental Medicine,2 National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway

Received 8 February 1999/Returned for modification 16 April 1999/Accepted 14 June 1999

In order to study the mucosal and serum antibody response to polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria in mice, a preparation of heat-inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 was administered, with and without cholera toxin, at various mucosal sites. It appeared that intranasal immunization of nonanesthesized animals was superior to either oral, gastric, or colonic-rectal antigen delivery with regard to the induction of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA, as well as saliva IgA antibodies specific for pneumococci. The marked IgA antibody response in feces after intranasal, but not after oral or gastric, immunization is suggestive of a cellular link between the nasal induction site and the distant mucosal effector sites. Intranasal immunization also induced antibodies in serum and in mucosal secretions against type-specific capsular polysaccharide. IgA and IgG antibody levels in pulmonary lavage fluids correlated well with saliva IgA and serum IgG antibodies, respectively. Antibody determinations in pulmonary secretions may therefore be redundant in some cases, and the number of experimental animals may be reduced accordingly. After intraperitoneal challenge with type 4 pneumococci, mice immunized intranasally were protected against both systemic infection and death, even without the use of cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. Thus, an efficient intranasal vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease may be based on a very simple formulation with whole killed pneumococci.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Institute of Public Health, Department of Vaccinology, P.O. Box 4404 Torshov, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. Phone: 47 22 04 23 56. Fax: 47 22 04 23 01. E-mail: ingeborg.aaberge{at}folkehelsa.no.

Infection and Immunity, September 1999, p. 4320-4325, Vol. 67, No. 9
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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