This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Elliott, S. J.
Right arrow Articles by Kaper, J. B.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Elliott, S. J.
Right arrow Articles by Kaper, J. B.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Infection and Immunity, November 2000, p. 6115-6126, Vol. 68, No. 11
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-Encoded Regulator Controls Expression of Both LEE- and Non-LEE-Encoded Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Simon J. Elliott,1 Vanessa Sperandio,1 Jorge A. Girón,1,2 Sooan Shin,1 Jay L. Mellies,1,3 Leslie Wainwright,1,4 Steven W. Hutcheson,1,5 Timothy K. McDaniel,1,6 and James B. Kaper1,*

Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 212011; Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico2; Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 972023; Center for Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 602014; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207425; and Illumina Inc., San Diego, California 921216

Received 11 April 2000/Returned for modification 26 June 2000/Accepted 7 August 2000

Regulation of virulence gene expression in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is incompletely understood. In EPEC, the plasmid-encoded regulator Per is required for maximal expression of proteins encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), and a LEE-encoded regulator (Ler) is part of the Per-mediated regulatory cascade upregulating the LEE2, LEE3, and LEE4 promoters. We now report that Ler is essential for the expression of multiple LEE-located genes in both EPEC and EHEC, including those encoding the type III secretion pathway, the secreted Esp proteins, Tir, and intimin. Ler is therefore central to the process of attaching and effacing (AE) lesion formation. Ler also regulates the expression of LEE-located genes not required for AE-lesion formation, including rorf2, orf10, rorf10, orf19, and espF, indicating that Ler regulates additional virulence properties. In addition, Ler regulates the expression of proteins encoded outside the LEE that are not essential for AE lesion formation, including TagA in EHEC and EspC in EPEC. Delta ler mutants of both EPEC and EHEC show altered adherence to epithelial cells and express novel fimbriae. Ler is therefore a global regulator of virulence gene expression in EPEC and EHEC.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201. Phone: (410) 706 2493. Fax: (410) 706 0182. E-mail: jkaper{at}umaryland.edu.

Infection and Immunity, November 2000, p. 6115-6126, Vol. 68, No. 11
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bhatt, S., Edwards, A. N., Nguyen, H. T. T., Merlin, D., Romeo, T., Kalman, D. (2009). The RNA Binding Protein CsrA Is a Pleiotropic Regulator of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Pathogenicity Island of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 77: 3552-3568 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Betancourt-Sanchez, M., Navarro-Garcia, F. (2009). Pet secretion, internalization and induction of cell death during infection of epithelial cells by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Microbiology 155: 2895-2906 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walker, K. A., Miller, V. L. (2009). Synchronous Gene Expression of the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System and Its Effectors. J. Bacteriol. 191: 1816-1826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hirakawa, H., Kodama, T., Takumi-Kobayashi, A., Honda, T., Yamaguchi, A. (2009). Secreted indole serves as a signal for expression of type III secretion system translocators in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7. Microbiology 155: 541-550 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dong, T., Coombes, B. K., Schellhorn, H. E. (2009). Role of RpoS in the Virulence of Citrobacter rodentium. Infect. Immun. 77: 501-507 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Salinger, N., Kokona, B., Fairman, R., Okeke, I. N. (2009). The Plasmid-Encoded Regulator Activates Factors Conferring Lysozyme Resistance on Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 275-280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mellies, J. L., Larabee, F. J., Zarr, M. A., Horback, K. L., Lorenzen, E., Mavor, D. (2008). Ler interdomain linker is essential for anti-silencing activity in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiology 154: 3624-3638 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yerushalmi, G., Nadler, C., Berdichevski, T., Rosenshine, I. (2008). Mutational Analysis of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Regulator (Ler) of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190: 7808-7818 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Torres, A. G., Slater, T. M., Patel, S. D., Popov, V. L., Arenas-Hernandez, M. M. P. (2008). Contribution of the Ler- and H-NS-Regulated Long Polar Fimbriae of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during Binding to Tissue-Cultured Cells. Infect. Immun. 76: 5062-5071 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stoebel, D. M., Free, A., Dorman, C. J. (2008). Anti-silencing: overcoming H-NS-mediated repression of transcription in Gram-negative enteric bacteria. Microbiology 154: 2533-2545 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Saitoh, T., Iyoda, S., Yamamoto, S., Lu, Y., Shimuta, K., Ohnishi, M., Terajima, J., Watanabe, H. (2008). Transcription of the ehx Enterohemolysin Gene Is Positively Regulated by GrlA, a Global Regulator Encoded within the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190: 4822-4830 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shifrin, Y., Peleg, A., Ilan, O., Nadler, C., Kobi, S., Baruch, K., Yerushalmi, G., Berdichevsky, T., Altuvia, S., Elgrably-Weiss, M., Abe, C., Knutton, S., Sasakawa, C., Ritchie, J. M., Waldor, M. K., Rosenshine, I. (2008). Transient Shielding of Intimin and the Type III Secretion System of Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by a Group 4 Capsule. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5063-5074 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jelcic, I., Hufner, E., Schmidt, H., Hertel, C. (2008). Repression of the Locus of the Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Regulator of Gene Transcription of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Lactobacillus reuteri Culture Supernatants Is LuxS and Strain Dependent. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3310-3314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Angulo, V. A., Deng, W., Thomas, N. A., Finlay, B. B., Puente, J. L. (2008). Regulation of Expression and Secretion of NleH, a New Non-Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Effector in Citrobacter rodentium. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2388-2399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abe, H., Miyahara, A., Oshima, T., Tashiro, K., Ogura, Y., Kuhara, S., Ogasawara, N., Hayashi, T., Tobe, T. (2008). Global Regulation by Horizontally Transferred Regulators Establishes the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli. DNA Res 15: 25-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Crane, J. K., Naeher, T. M., Shulgina, I., Zhu, C., Boedeker, E. C. (2007). Effect of Zinc in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. Infect. Immun. 75: 5974-5984 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kendall, M. M., Rasko, D. A., Sperandio, V. (2007). Global Effects of the Cell-to-Cell Signaling Molecules Autoinducer-2, Autoinducer-3, and Epinephrine in a luxS Mutant of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 75: 4875-4884 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mellies, J. L., Barron, A. M. S., Carmona, A. M. (2007). Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence Gene Regulation. Infect. Immun. 75: 4199-4210 [Full Text]  
  • Nwaneshiudu, A. I., Mucci, T., Pickard, D. J., Okeke, I. N. (2007). A Second Large Plasmid Encodes Conjugative Transfer and Antimicrobial Resistance in O119:H2 and Some Typical O111 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6074-6079 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Torres, A. G., Lopez-Sanchez, G. N., Milflores-Flores, L., Patel, S. D., Rojas-Lopez, M., Martinez de la Pena, C. F., Arenas-Hernandez, M. M. P., Martinez-Laguna, Y. (2007). Ler and H-NS, Regulators Controlling Expression of the Long Polar Fimbriae of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5916-5928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Russell, R. M., Sharp, F. C., Rasko, D. A., Sperandio, V. (2007). QseA and GrlR/GrlA Regulation of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Genes in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5387-5392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Navarre, W. W., McClelland, M., Libby, S. J., Fang, F. C. (2007). Silencing of xenogeneic DNA by H-NS--facilitation of lateral gene transfer in bacteria by a defense system that recognizes foreign DNA. Genes Dev. 21: 1456-1471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sharp, F. C., Sperandio, V. (2007). QseA Directly Activates Transcription of LEE1 in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 75: 2432-2440 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mellies, J. L., Haack, K. R., Galligan, D. C. (2007). SOS Regulation of the Type III Secretion System of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2863-2872 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lacher, D. W., Steinsland, H., Blank, T. E., Donnenberg, M. S., Whittam, T. S. (2007). Molecular Evolution of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: Clonal Analysis by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Gene Allelic Profiling. J. Bacteriol. 189: 342-350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walters, M., Sperandio, V. (2006). Autoinducer 3 and Epinephrine Signaling in the Kinetics of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Gene Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.. Infect. Immun. 74: 5445-5455 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Muller, C. M., Dobrindt, U., Nagy, G., Emody, L., Uhlin, B. E., Hacker, J. (2006). Role of Histone-Like Proteins H-NS and StpA in Expression of Virulence Determinants of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5428-5438 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Walters, M., Sircili, M. P., Sperandio, V. (2006). AI-3 Synthesis Is Not Dependent on luxS in Escherichia coli.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5668-5681 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Iyoda, S., Koizumi, N., Satou, H., Lu, Y., Saitoh, T., Ohnishi, M., Watanabe, H. (2006). The GrlR-GrlA Regulatory System Coordinately Controls the Expression of Flagellar and LEE-Encoded Type III Protein Secretion Systems in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5682-5692 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moreira, C. G., Palmer, K., Whiteley, M., Sircili, M. P., Trabulsi, L. R., Castro, A. F. P., Sperandio, V. (2006). Bundle-Forming Pili and EspA Are Involved in Biofilm Formation by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3952-3961 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vidal, J. E., Navarro-Garcia, F. (2006). Efficient Translocation of EspC into Epithelial Cells Depends on Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Host Cell Contact. Infect. Immun. 74: 2293-2303 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chouikha, I., Germon, P., Bree, A., Gilot, P., Moulin-Schouleur, M., Schouler, C. (2006). A selC-Associated Genomic Island of the Extraintestinal Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain BEN2908 Is Involved in Carbohydrate Uptake and Virulence. J. Bacteriol. 188: 977-987 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mellies, J. L., Barron, A. M. S., Haack, K. R., Korson, A. S., Oldridge, D. A. (2006). The Global Regulator Ler Is Necessary for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Colonization of Caenorhabditis elegans. Infect. Immun. 74: 64-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barba, J., Bustamante, V. H., Flores-Valdez, M. A., Deng, W., Finlay, B. B., Puente, J. L. (2005). A Positive Regulatory Loop Controls Expression of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Regulators Ler and GrlA. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7918-7930 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gauthier, A., Robertson, M. L., Lowden, M., Ibarra, J. A., Puente, J. L., Finlay, B. B. (2005). Transcriptional Inhibitor of Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4101-4109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Iyoda, S., Watanabe, H. (2005). ClpXP Protease Controls Expression of the Type III Protein Secretion System through Regulation of RpoS and GrlR Levels in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4086-4094 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leverton, L. Q., Kaper, J. B. (2005). Temporal Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in an In Vitro Model of Infection. Infect. Immun. 73: 1034-1043 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Castillo, A., Eguiarte, L. E., Souza, V. (2005). A genomic population genetics analysis of the pathogenic enterocyte effacement island in Escherichia coli: The search for the unit of selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 1542-1547 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Porter, M. E., Mitchell, P., Free, A., Smith, D. G. E., Gally, D. L. (2005). The LEE1 Promoters from both Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Can Be Activated by PerC-Like Proteins from Either Organism. J. Bacteriol. 187: 458-472 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Berdichevsky, T., Friedberg, D., Nadler, C., Rokney, A., Oppenheim, A., Rosenshine, I. (2005). Ler Is a Negative Autoregulator of the LEE1 Operon in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 187: 349-357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Henderson, I. R., Navarro-Garcia, F., Desvaux, M., Fernandez, R. C., Ala'Aldeen, D. (2004). Type V Protein Secretion Pathway: the Autotransporter Story. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68: 692-744 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhang, L., Chaudhuri, R. R., Constantinidou, C., Hobman, J. L., Patel, M. D., Jones, A. C., Sarti, D., Roe, A. J., Vlisidou, I., Shaw, R. K., Falciani, F., Stevens, M. P., Gally, D. L., Knutton, S., Frankel, G., Penn, C. W., Pallen, M. J. (2004). Regulators Encoded in the Escherichia coli Type III Secretion System 2 Gene Cluster Influence Expression of Genes within the Locus for Enterocyte Effacement in Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. Infect. Immun. 72: 7282-7293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gartner, J. F., Schmidt, M. A. (2004). Comparative Analysis of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Pathogenicity Islands of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 72: 6722-6728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sharma, V. K., Zuerner, R. L. (2004). Role of hha and ler in Transcriptional Regulation of the esp Operon of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Bacteriol. 186: 7290-7301 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M., Rosenshine, I., Tung, S. L., Wang, X. H., Friedberg, D., Hew, C. L., Leung, K. Y. (2004). Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Proteins of Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Their ihf and ler Mutants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 5274-5282 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Iyoda, S., Watanabe, H. (2004). Positive effects of multiple pch genes on expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement genes and adherence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 to HEp-2 cells. Microbiology 150: 2357-2571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Holden, N. J., Gally, D. L. (2004). Switches, cross-talk and memory in Escherichia coli adherence. J Med Microbiol 53: 585-593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Viswanathan, V. K., Koutsouris, A., Lukic, S., Pilkinton, M., Simonovic, I., Simonovic, M., Hecht, G. (2004). Comparative Analysis of EspF from Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Alteration of Epithelial Barrier Function. Infect. Immun. 72: 3218-3227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sircili, M. P., Walters, M., Trabulsi, L. R., Sperandio, V. (2004). Modulation of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence by Quorum Sensing. Infect. Immun. 72: 2329-2337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schmidt, H., Hensel, M. (2004). Pathogenicity Islands in Bacterial Pathogenesis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17: 14-56 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clarke, S. C., Haigh, R. D., Freestone, P. P. E., Williams, P. H. (2003). Virulence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, a Global Pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 365-378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tatsuno, I., Nagano, K., Taguchi, K., Rong, L., Mori, H., Sasakawa, C. (2003). Increased Adherence to Caco-2 Cells Caused by Disruption of the yhiE and yhiF Genes in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infect. Immun. 71: 2598-2606 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ibarra, J. A., Villalba, M. I., Puente, J. L. (2003). Identification of the DNA Binding Sites of PerA, the Transcriptional Activator of the bfp and per Operons in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 185: 2835-2847 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Haack, K. R., Robinson, C. L., Miller, K. J., Fowlkes, J. W., Mellies, J. L. (2003). Interaction of Ler at the LEE5 (tir) Operon of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 71: 384-392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abe, H., Tatsuno, I., Tobe, T., Okutani, A., Sasakawa, C. (2002). Bicarbonate Ion Stimulates the Expression of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Genes in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infect. Immun. 70: 3500-3509 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Crane, J. K., Olson, R. A., Jones, H. M., Duffey, M. E. (2002). Release of ATP during host cell killing by enteropathogenic E. coli and its role as a secretory mediator. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 283: G74-G86 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sperandio, V., Li, C. C., Kaper, J. B. (2002). Quorum-Sensing Escherichia coli Regulator A: a Regulator of the LysR Family Involved in the Regulation of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Pathogenicity Island in Enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Infect. Immun. 70: 3085-3093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Elliott, S. J., O'Connell, C. B., Koutsouris, A., Brinkley, C., Donnenberg, M. S., Hecht, G., Kaper, J. B. (2002). A Gene from the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement That Is Required for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli To Increase Tight-Junction Permeability Encodes a Chaperone for EspF. Infect. Immun. 70: 2271-2277 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paton, A. W., Paton, J. C. (2002). Reactivity of Convalescent-Phase Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Patient Sera with the Megaplasmid-Encoded TagA Protein of Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli O157. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1395-1399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abul-Milh, M., Wu, Y., Lau, B., Lingwood, C. A., Foster, D. B. (2001). Induction of Epithelial Cell Death Including Apoptosis by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Expressing Bundle-Forming Pili. Infect. Immun. 69: 7356-7364 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tatsuno, I., Horie, M., Abe, H., Miki, T., Makino, K., Shinagawa, H., Taguchi, H., Kamiya, S., Hayashi, T., Sasakawa, C. (2001). toxB Gene on pO157 of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichiacoli O157:H7 Is Required for Full Epithelial Cell Adherence Phenotype. Infect. Immun. 69: 6660-6669 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deng, W., Li, Y., Vallance, B. A., Finlay, B. B. (2001). Locus of Enterocyte Effacement from Citrobacter rodentium: Sequence Analysis and Evidence for Horizontal Transfer among Attaching and Effacing Pathogens. Infect. Immun. 69: 6323-6335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Okeke, I. N., Borneman, J. A., Shin, S., Mellies, J. L., Quinn, L. E., Kaper, J. B. (2001). Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Plasmid-Encoded Regulator of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. Infect. Immun. 69: 5553-5564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McNally, A., Roe, A. J., Simpson, S., Thomson-Carter, F. M., Hoey, D. E. E., Currie, C., Chakraborty, T., Smith, D. G. E., Gally, D. L. (2001). Differences in Levels of Secreted Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Proteins between Human Disease-Associated and Bovine Escherichia coli O157. Infect. Immun. 69: 5107-5114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brunder, W., Khan, A. S., Hacker, J., Karch, H. (2001). Novel Type of Fimbriae Encoded by the Large Plasmid of Sorbitol-Fermenting Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H{-}. Infect. Immun. 69: 4447-4457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Elliott, S. J., Krejany, E. O., Mellies, J. L., Robins-Browne, R. M., Sasakawa, C., Kaper, J. B. (2001). EspG, a Novel Type III System-Secreted Protein from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Similarities to VirA of Shigella flexneri. Infect. Immun. 69: 4027-4033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sánchez-SanMartín, C., Bustamante, V. H., Calva, E., Puente, J. L. (2001). Transcriptional Regulation of the orf19 Gene and the tir-cesT-eae Operon of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 183: 2823-2833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhu, C., Agin, T. S., Elliott, S. J., Johnson, L. A., Thate, T. E., Kaper, J. B., Boedeker, E. C. (2001). Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Analysis of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement from Rabbit Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli RDEC-1. Infect. Immun. 69: 2107-2115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»