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Infection and Immunity, December 2000, p. 6535-6541, Vol. 68, No. 12
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0

Campylobacter jejuni Cytolethal Distending Toxin Mediates Release of Interleukin-8 from Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Thomas E. Hickey, Annette L. McVeigh, Daniel A. Scott, Ronda E. Michielutti, Alyssa Bixby, Shannon A. Carroll, A. Louis Bourgeois, and Patricia Guerry*

Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

Received 24 March 2000/Returned for modification 27 June 2000/Accepted 30 August 2000

Live cells of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from INT407 cells. Additionally, membrane fractions of C. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of C. coli strains, can also induce release of IL-8. Membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) were unable to induce IL-8. The presence of the three cdt genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restored both CDT activity and the ability to release IL-8 to membrane fractions. However, CDT mutations did not affect the ability of 81-176 to induce IL-8 during adherence to or invasion of INT407 cells. When C. jejuni cdt genes were transferred on a shuttle plasmid into a C. coli strain lacking CDT, membrane preparations became positive in both CDT and IL-8 assays. Growth of C. jejuni in physiological levels of sodium deoxycholate released all three CDT proteins, as well as CDT activity and IL-8 activity, from membranes into supernatants. Antibodies against recombinant forms of each of the three CDT subunit proteins neutralized both CDT activity and the activity responsible for IL-8 release. The data suggest that C. jejuni can induce IL-8 release from INT407 cells by two independent mechanisms, one of which requires adherence and/or invasion and the second of which requires CDT.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Walter Reed Forest Glen Annex, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Phone: (301) 319-7662. Fax: (301) 319-7679. E-mail: guerryp{at}nmrc.navy.mil.

Infection and Immunity, December 2000, p. 6535-6541, Vol. 68, No. 12
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0


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