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Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1498-1506, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Listeria monocytogenes as a Short-Lived Delivery System for the Induction of Type 1 Cell-Mediated Immunity against the p36/LACK Antigen of Leishmania major

Neirouz Soussi,1 Geneviève Milon,1 Jean-Hervé Colle,1 Evelyne Mougneau,2 Nicolas Glaichenhaus,2 and Pierre L. Goossens1,*

Unité d'Immunophysiologie et Parasitisme Intracellulaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15,1 and Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Groupe de Recherche en Parasitologie du CNRS, Valbonne 06560,2 France

Received 5 August 1999/Returned for modification 18 October 1999/Accepted 16 December 1999

Listeria monocytogenes has been used as an experimental live vector for the induction of CD8-mediated immune responses in various viral and tumoral experimental models. Susceptibility of BALB/c mice to Leishmania major infection has been correlated to the preferential development of Th2 CD4 T cells through an early production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) by a restricted population of CD4 T cells which react to a single parasite antigen, LACK (stands for Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase). Experimental vaccination with LACK can redirect the differentiation of CD4+ T cells towards the Th1 pathway if LACK is coadministrated with IL-12. As IL-12 is known to be induced by L. monocytogenes, we have tested the ability of a recombinant attenuated actA mutant L. monocytogenes strain expressing LACK to induce the development of LACK-specific Th1 cells in both B10.D2 and BALB/c mice, which are resistant and susceptible to L. major, respectively. After a single injection of LACK-expressing L. monocytogenes, IL-12/p40 transcripts showed a rapid burst, and peaks of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma )-secreting LACK-specific Th1 cells were detected around day 5 in the spleens and livers of mice of both strains. These primed IFN-gamma -secreting LACK-reactive T cells were not detected ex vivo after day 7 of immunization but could be recruited and detected 15 days later in the draining lymph node after an L. major footpad challenge. Although immunization of BALB/c mice with LACK-expressing L. monocytogenes did not change the course of the infection with L. major, immunized B10.D2 mice exhibited significantly smaller lesions than nonimmunized controls. Thus, our results demonstrate that, in addition of its recognized use for the induction of effector CD8 T cells, L. monocytogenes can also be used as a live recombinant vector to favor the development of potentially protective IFN-gamma -secreting Th1 CD4 T lymphocytes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité d'Immunophysiologie et Parasitisme Intracellulaire, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: 01 45 68 86 67. Fax: 01 40 61 31 69. E-mail: pierre.goossens{at}pasteur.fr.

Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1498-1506, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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