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Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1620-1625, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genetic Resistance to Experimental Infection with Mycobacterium bovis in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Colin G. Mackintosh,1,* Tariq Qureshi,2 Ken Waldrup,3 Robert E. Labes,1 Ken G. Dodds,1 and J. Frank T. Griffin4

AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel,1 and University of Otago, Dunedin,4 New Zealand; Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 479072; and Texas Animal Health Commission, Cleburne, Texas 760333

Received 26 July 1999/Returned for modification 7 October 1999/Accepted 26 November 1999

Tuberculosis (Tb) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a worldwide threat to livestock and humans. One control strategy is to breed livestock that are more resistant to Mycobacterium bovis. In a 3-year heritability study 6 farmed red deer stags were selected from 39 on the basis of their differing responses to experimental challenge via the tonsillar sac with approximately 500 CFU of M. bovis. Two stags remained uninfected, two were moderately affected, and two developed serious spreading Tb. Seventy offspring, bred from these six stags by artificial insemination using stored semen, were similarly challenged with M. bovis. The offspring showed patterns of response to M. bovis challenge similar to those of their sires, providing evidence for a strong genetic basis to resistance to Tb, with an estimated heritability of 0.48 (standard error, 0.096; P < 0.01). This is the first time the heritability of Tb resistance in domestic livestock has been measured. The breeding of selection lines of resistant and susceptible deer will provide an ideal model to study the mechanisms of Tb resistance in a ruminant and could provide an additional strategy for reducing the number and severity of outbreaks of Tb in farmed deer herds. Laboratory studies to identify genetic and immunological markers for resistance to Tb are under way. Preliminary studies showed no associations between NRAMP or DRB genes and resistance to Tb in deer. Patterns of immune responses seen in resistant animals suggest that both innate and acquired pathways of immunity are necessary to produce the resistant phenotype.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. Phone: 64 3489 3809. Fax: 64 3489 9038. E-mail: mackintoshc{at}agresearch.cri.nz.

Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1620-1625, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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