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Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 2171-2182, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of Tir and Intimin in the Virulence of Rabbit Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O103:H2

Olivier Marchès,1 Jean-Philippe Nougayrède,1 Séverine Boullier,1 Jacques Mainil,2 Gérard Charlier,3 Isabelle Raymond,4 Pierre Pohl,3 Michèle Boury,1 Jean De Rycke,1 Alain Milon,1 and Eric Oswald1,*

Unité Mixte de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse,1 and Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse,4 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France, and Chaire de Bactériologie et de Pathologie des Maladies Bactériennes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B4000 Liège,2 and Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques, B1180 Brussels,3 Belgium

Received 25 August 1999/Returned for modification 9 November 1999/Accepted 29 December 1999

Attaching and effacing (A/E) rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) strains belonging to serogroup O103 are an important cause of diarrhea in weaned rabbits. Like human EPEC strains, they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement clustering the genes involved in the formation of the A/E lesions. In addition, pathogenic REPEC O103 strains produce an Esp-dependent but Eae (intimin)-independent alteration of the host cell cytoskeleton characterized by the formation of focal adhesion complexes and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles of stress fibers. To investigate the role of intimin and its translocated coreceptor (Tir) in the pathogenicity of REPEC, we have used a newly constructed isogenic tir null mutant together with a previously described eae null mutant. When human HeLa epithelial cells were infected, the tir mutant was still able to induce the formation of stress fibers as previously reported for the eae null mutant. When the rabbit epithelial cell line RK13 was used, REPEC O103 produced a classical fluorescent actin staining (FAS) effect, whereas both the eae and tir mutants were FAS negative. In a rabbit ligated ileal loop model, neither mutant was able to induce A/E lesions. In contrast to the parental strain, which intimately adhered to the enterocytes and destroyed the brush border microvilli, bacteria of both mutants were clustered in the mucus without reaching and damaging the microvilli. The role of intimin and Tir was then analyzed in vivo by oral inoculation of weaned rabbits. Although both mutants were still present in the intestinal flora of the rabbits 3 weeks after oral inoculation, neither mutant strain induced any clinical signs or significant weight loss in the inoculated rabbits whereas the parental strain caused the death of 90% of the inoculated rabbits. Nevertheless, an inflammatory infiltrate was present in the lamina propria of the rabbits infected with both mutants, with an inflammatory response greater for the eae null mutant. In conclusion, we have confirmed the role of intimin in virulence, and we have shown, for the first time, that Tir is also a key factor in vivo for pathogenicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité Mixte de Microbiologie Moleculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 5 61 19 39 91. Fax: (33) 5 61 19 39 75. E-mail:e.oswald{at}envt.fr.

Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 2171-2182, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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