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Infection and Immunity, November 2001, p. 6755-6768, Vol. 69, No. 11
Laboratory of Clinical
Investigation1 and Schistosomiasis
Immunology and Pathology Unit, Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of
Parasitic Diseases,2 National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and The Biomedical Research
Institute, Rockville, Maryland 208523
Received 28 March 2001/Returned for modification 2 May
2001/Accepted 3 August 2001
To explore the roles of chemokines in type 1 and type 2 responses
in vivo, we examined mRNA expression for a panel of up to 17 chemokines in experimental mouse models using Schistosoma
mansoni. These studies revealed that Mig (monokine induced by
gamma interferon), cytokine-responsive gene 2/10-kDa
interferon-inducible protein, RANTES, lymphotactin,
macrophage inflammatory protein 1
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.11.6755-6768.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Patterns of Chemokine Expression in Models of Schistosoma
mansoni Inflammation and Infection Reveal Relationships
between Type 1 and Type 2 Responses and Chemokines In
Vivo
(MIP-1
), JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and MIP-2 are associated with type 1 egg-induced responses and that thymus-derived chemotactic agent 3 (TCA3), eotaxin, MIP-1
, and MIP-1
are associated with type 2 egg-induced responses. After cercarial infection, both type
1-associated and type 2-associated chemokines were elevated in the
livers of infected mice presensitized with eggs and recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12), a regimen that diminishes pathology. Neutralization of IL-12 or gamma interferon during egg deposition reversed the effects of prior treatment with rIL-12, leading to a
return to larger granulomas; persistently elevated expression of TCA3,
eotaxin, and MIP-1
; and a marked reduction in the expression of type
1-associated chemokines despite the maintenance of a dominant type 1 cytokine response in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings suggest
that there are patterns of coordinate chemokine expression characteristic of type 1 and type 2 responses in vivo; that the cells
recruited by a given pattern of chemokines may differ, depending on the
composition of peripheral populations; and that patterns of tissue
expression of chemokines may determine the character of an inflammatory
response independently of the dominant pattern of differentiation of
antigen-specific T cells. Our data reveal new relationships between
chemokines and polarized immune responses and suggest that end organ
inflammation might be altered by chemokine blockade without
necessitating reversal of the phenotype of the majority of
differentiated T cells.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address for Joshua M. Farber: Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 11N228, MSC-1888, Bethesda, MD 20892-1888. Phone: (301) 402-4910. Fax: (301) 402-0627. E-mail:
jfarber{at}niaid.nih.gov. Mailing address for Thomas A. Wynn:
Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, Bldg. 4, Rm. 126, MSC-0425, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425. Phone:
(301) 496-4758. Fax: (301) 402-0077. E-mail:
twynn{at}atlas.niaid.nih.gov.
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