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Infection and Immunity, September 2001, p. 5661-5670, Vol. 69, No. 9
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5661-5670.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Production of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Response
to Mycobacterial Infection
Marianne
Quiding-Järbrink,*
Debbie A.
Smith, and
Gregory J.
Bancroft
Department of Infectious and Tropical
Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
Received 17 August 2000/Returned for modification 22 November
2000/Accepted 29 May 2001
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a large family of
enzymes with specificity for the various proteins of the extracellular matrix which are implicated in tissue remodeling processes and chronic
inflammatory conditions. To investigate the role of MMPs in immunity to
mycobacterial infections, we incubated murine peritoneal macrophages
with viable Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and assayed MMP activity in the supernatants by zymography. Resting macrophages secreted only small amounts of MMP-9
(gelatinase B), but secretion increased dramatically in a
dose-dependent manner in response to either BCG or M. tuberculosis in vitro. Incubation with mycobacteria also induced
increased MMP-2 (gelatinase A) activity. Neutralization of tumor
necrosis alpha (TNF-
), and to a lesser extent interleukin 18 (IL-18), substantially reduced MMP production in response to
mycobacteria. Exogenous addition of TNF-
or IL-18 induced
macrophages to express MMPs, even in the absence of bacteria. The
immunoregulatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-
), IL-4, and IL-10
all suppressed BCG-induced MMP production, but through different
mechanisms. IFN-
treatment increased macrophage secretion of TNF-
but still reduced their MMP activity. Conversely, IL-4 and IL-10 seemed
to act by reducing the amount of TNF-
available to the macrophages.
Finally, infection of BALB/c or severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
mice with either BCG or M. tuberculosis induced substantial
increases in MMP-9 activity in infected tissues. In conclusion, we show
that mycobacterial infection induces MMP-9 activity both in vitro and in vivo and that this is regulated by TNF-
, IL-18, and IFN-
. These findings indicate a possible contribution of MMPs to tissue remodeling processes that occur in mycobacterial infections.
*
Corresponding author. Present address: Dept. of Medical
Microbiology & Immunology, Box 435, Göteborg University, SE-405
30 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: 46-31-342 4492. Fax: 46-31-826976. E-mail: marianne.quiding{at}microbio.gu.se.
Infection and Immunity, September 2001, p. 5661-5670, Vol. 69, No. 9
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5661-5670.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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