This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Löhr, C. V.
Right arrow Articles by Palmer, G. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Löhr, C. V.
Right arrow Articles by Palmer, G. H.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Infection and Immunity, January 2002, p. 114-120, Vol. 70, No. 1
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.1.114-120.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Specific Expression of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 Salivary Gland Variants Occurs in the Midgut and Is an Early Event during Tick Transmission

Christiane V. Löhr,1* Fred R. Rurangirwa,1 Terry F. McElwain,1 David Stiller,2 and Guy H. Palmer1

Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040,1 Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington 99164-7030, and Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Moscow, Idaho 83844-22012

Received 23 July 2001/ Returned for modification 23 August 2001/ Accepted 9 October 2001

Infectivity of Anaplasma spp. develops when infected ticks feed on a mammalian host (transmission feed). Specific Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants are selected for within the tick and are expressed within the salivary glands. The aims of this study were to determine when and where MSP2 variant selection occurs in the tick, how MSP2 expression is regulated in salivary glands of transmission-feeding ticks, and whether the number of A. marginale organisms per salivary gland is significantly increased during transmission feeding. The South Idaho strain of A. marginale was used, as MSP2 expression is restricted to two variants, SGV1 and SGV2, in Dermacentor andersoni. Using Western blot, real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing analyses it was shown that restriction and expression of MSP2 occurs early in the midgut within the first 48 h of the blood meal, when ticks acquire infection. A. marginale is present in the tick salivary glands before transmission feeding is initiated, but the msp2 mRNA and MSP2 protein levels per A. marginale organism increase only minimally and transiently in salivary glands of transmission-feeding ticks compared to that of unfed ticks. A. marginale numbers per tick increase gradually in salivary glands of both transmission-fed and unfed ticks. It is concluded that MSP2 variant selection is an early event in the tick and that MSP2 variants SGV1 and SGV2 are expressed both in the midgut and salivary glands. While MSP2 may be required for infectivity, there is no strict temporal correlation between MSP2 expression and the development of infectivity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040. Phone: (509) 335-6346. Fax: (509) 335-8529. E-mail: cvl{at}vetmed.wsu.edu.

Editor: R. N. Moore

Infection and Immunity, January 2002, p. 114-120, Vol. 70, No. 1
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.1.114-120.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Ueti, M. W., Knowles, D. P., Davitt, C. M., Scoles, G. A., Baszler, T. V., Palmer, G. H. (2009). Quantitative Differences in Salivary Pathogen Load during Tick Transmission Underlie Strain-Specific Variation in Transmission Efficiency of Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 77: 70-75 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leverich, C. K., Palmer, G. H., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Brayton, K. A. (2008). Tick-Borne Transmission of Two Genetically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains following Superinfection of the Mammalian Reservoir Host. Infect. Immun. 76: 4066-4070 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ueti, M. W., Reagan, J. O. Jr., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Scoles, G. A., Shkap, V., Palmer, G. H. (2007). Identification of Midgut and Salivary Glands as Specific and Distinct Barriers to Efficient Tick-Borne Transmission of Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 75: 2959-2964 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Palmer, G. H., Futse, J. E., Leverich, C. K., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Rurangirwa, F. R., Brayton, K. A. (2007). Selection for Simple Major Surface Protein 2 Variants during Anaplasma marginale Transmission to Immunologically Naive Animals. Infect. Immun. 75: 1502-1506 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Noh, S. M., Brayton, K. A., Knowles, D. P., Agnes, J. T., Dark, M. J., Brown, W. C., Baszler, T. V., Palmer, G. H. (2006). Differential Expression and Sequence Conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 Gene Superfamily Outer Membrane Proteins.. Infect. Immun. 74: 3471-3479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ueti, M. W., Palmer, G. H., Kappmeyer, L. S., Scoles, G. A., Knowles, D. P. (2003). Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 during Development of Babesia equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the Vector Tick Boophilus microplus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5803-5809 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Futse, J. E., Ueti, M. W., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Palmer, G. H. (2003). Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Boophilus microplus: Retention of Vector Competence in the Absence of Vector-Pathogen Interaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 3829-3834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lohr, C. V., Brayton, K. A., Shkap, V., Molad, T., Barbet, A. F., Brown, W. C., Palmer, G. H. (2002). Expression of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 Operon-Associated Proteins during Mammalian and Arthropod Infection. Infect. Immun. 70: 6005-6012 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»