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Infection and Immunity, November 2002, p. 6383-6388, Vol. 70, No. 11
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6383-6388.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Protection against Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection after Immunization with Inactivated H. pylori Whole-Cell Vaccines

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Göteborg University Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Göteborg University, S 41346 Göteborg, Sweden

Received 19 December 2001/ Returned for modification 26 February 2002/ Accepted 25 July 2002

The protective effect of therapeutic oral immunization with homologous and heterologous formalin-inactivated Helicobacter pylori cells given together with cholera toxin as an adjuvant was evaluated with C57BL/6 mice infected with H. pylori Sydney strain 1 (SS1). The bacteria used for immunization were strains that were either homologous or heterologous with regard to the O antigen (i.e., the Lewis antigen [Le antigen]) expressed by the lipopolysaccharide of the infecting H. pylori SS1 strain. We found that repeated oral immunization with inactivated H. pylori SS1 cells can significantly inhibit an existing infection (P < 0.001) and that the protection induced by such therapeutic immunization extends to protection against reinfection (P < 0.001). A similar level of protection was also achieved by immunization with another inactivated H. pylori strain having the same O antigen (Le antigen) as the infecting H. pylori SS1 strain. In contrast, immunization with inactivated strains expressing a heterologous O antigen, Le^x, provided less protection or no protection. Immunization with H. pylori lysate preparations, on the other hand, resulted in significant comparable protection whether the lysates were prepared from an Le^x strain or an Le^y strain. Postimmunization gastritis was seen in mice that were protected after vaccination but not in unimmunized or unprotected mice. In conclusion, therapeutic immunization with inactivated H. pylori whole-cell vaccines may provide strong protection both against experimental H. pylori infection and against later reinfection.

Editor: S. H. E. Kaufmann

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