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Infection and Immunity, February 2002, p. 577-583, Vol. 70, No. 2
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.2.577-583.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cytokine and Chemokine Production by Human Oral and Vaginal Epithelial Cells in Response to Candida albicans

Chad Steele and Paul L. Fidel, Jr.*

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112

Received 2 August 2001/ Returned for modification 6 September 2001/ Accepted 30 October 2001

Oropharyngeal and vaginal candidiases are the most common forms of mucosal fungal infections and are primarily caused by Candida albicans, a dimorphic fungal commensal organism of the gastrointestinal and lower female reproductive tracts. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that local immunity is important in host defense against candidiasis. Accordingly, cytokines and chemokines are present at the oral and vaginal mucosa during C. albicans infections. Since mucosal epithelial cells produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to microorganisms and since C. albicans is closely associated with mucosal epithelial cells as a commensal, we sought to identify cytokines and/or chemokines produced by primary oral and vaginal epithelial cells and cell lines in response to C. albicans. The results showed that proinflammatory cytokines were produced by oral and/or vaginal epithelial cells at various levels constitutively with considerable interleukin-1{alpha} (IL-1{alpha}) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not IL-6, produced in response to C. albicans. In contrast, Th1-type (IL-12 and gamma interferon) and Th2-type-immunoregulatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor ß) cytokines and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and IL-8 were produced in low to undetectable concentrations with little additional production in response to C. albicans. Taken together, these results indicate that cytokines and chemokines are variably produced by oral and vaginal epithelial cells constitutively, as well as in response to C. albicans, and are predominated by proinflammatory cytokines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112. Phone: (504) 568-4066. Fax: (504) 568-4066. E-mail: pfidel{at}lsuhsc.edu.

Editor: T. R. Kozel

Infection and Immunity, February 2002, p. 577-583, Vol. 70, No. 2
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.2.577-583.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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