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Infection and Immunity, August 2002, p. 4092-4098, Vol. 70, No. 8
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4092-4098.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Modification of the Structure and Activity of Lipid A in Yersinia pestis Lipopolysaccharide by Growth Temperature

Kazuyoshi Kawahara,1* Hiroko Tsukano,2 Haruo Watanabe,2 Buko Lindner,3 and Motohiro Matsuura4

Department of Bacteriology, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo 108-8642,1 Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640,2 Department of Microbiology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan,4 Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany3

Received 11 February 2002/ Returned for modification 9 April 2002/ Accepted 2 May 2002

Yersinia pestis strain Yreka was grown at 27 or 37°C, and the lipid A structures (lipid A-27°C and lipid A-37°C) of the respective lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Lipid A-27°C consisted of a mixture of tri-acyl, tetra-acyl, penta-acyl, and hexa-acyl lipid A's, of which tetra-acyl lipid A was most abundant. Lipid A-37°C consisted predominantly of tri- and tetra-acylated molecules, with only small amounts of penta-acyl lipid A; no hexa-acyl lipid A was detected. Furthermore, the amount of 4-amino-arabinose was substantially higher in lipid A-27°C than in lipid A-37°C. By use of mouse and human macrophage cell lines, the biological activities of the LPS and lipid A preparations were measured via their abilities to induce production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-{alpha}). In both cell lines the LPS and the lipid A from bacteria grown at 27°C were stronger inducers of TNF-{alpha} than those from bacteria grown at 37°C. However, the difference in activity was more prominent in human macrophage cells. These results suggest that in order to reduce the activation of human macrophages, it may be more advantageous for Y. pestis to produce less-acylated lipid A at 37°C.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, The Kitasato Institute, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan. Phone and fax: 81-3-5791-6127. E-mail: kawahara-k{at}kitasato.or.jp.

Editor: R. N. Moore

Infection and Immunity, August 2002, p. 4092-4098, Vol. 70, No. 8
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4092-4098.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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