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Infection and Immunity, September 2002, p. 4961-4967, Vol. 70, No. 9
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.9.4961-4967.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Control of Mycobacterial Replication in Human Macrophages: Roles of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways

Antje Blumenthal,1 Stefan Ehlers,1 Martin Ernst,2 Hans-Dieter Flad,2 and Norbert Reiling1*

Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology,1 Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany2

Received 10 January 2002/ Returned for modification 25 March 2002/ Accepted 11 June 2002

Intracellular persistence of mycobacteria may result from an intricate balance between bacterial replication and signaling events leading to antimicrobial macrophage activities. Using human monocyte-derived macrophages, we investigated the relevance of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation for the growth control of Mycobacterium avium isolates differing in their abilities to multiply intracellularly. The highly replicative smooth transparent morphotype of M. avium strain 2151 induced significantly less p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation than the smooth opaque morphotype of the same strain, which was gradually eliminated from macrophage cultures. Inhibition of the p38 pathway by highly specific inhibitors did not significantly affect mycobacterial replication within macrophages, regardless of the in vitro virulence of the M. avium strain. However, repression of the ERK1/2 pathway further enhanced intracellular growth of highly replicative M. avium strains, although it did not increase survival of the poorly replicating M. avium isolate. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway resulted in decreased tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-{alpha}) secretion irrespective of the virulence of the M. avium isolate used for infection, revealing that TNF-{alpha} could have been only partially responsible for the control of intracellular M. avium growth. In conclusion, ERK1/2- and TNF-{alpha}-independent pathways are sufficient to limit intramacrophage growth of less-virulent M. avium strains, but early ERK1/2 activation in infected macrophages is critically involved in controlling the growth of highly replicative M. avium strains.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Infection Biology, Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany. Phone: 49-4537-188486. Fax: 49-4537-188686. E-mail: nreiling{at}fz-borstel.de.

Editor: J. D. Clements

Infection and Immunity, September 2002, p. 4961-4967, Vol. 70, No. 9
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.9.4961-4967.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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