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Infection and Immunity, December 2003, p. 7178-7182, Vol. 71, No. 12
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.12.7178-7182.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Haemophilus ducreyi Requires an Intact flp Gene Cluster for Virulence in Humans

Stanley M. Spinola,1,2,3* Kate R. Fortney,1 Barry P. Katz,1 Jo L. Latimer,4 Jason R. Mock,4 Merja Vakevainen,4 and Eric J. Hansen4

Departments of Medicine,1 Microbiology and Immunology,2 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,3 Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-90484

Received 11 June 2003/ Returned for modification 11 August 2003/ Accepted 25 August 2003

An intact Haemophilus ducreyi flp operon is essential for microcolony formation in vitro. tadA is the 9th of 15 genes in the operon and has homology to NTPases of type IV secretion systems. Fifteen human volunteers were experimentally infected with both H. ducreyi 35000HP and the tadA mutant, 35000HP.400. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant and parent, while pustules formed at 36.4% of parent sites and at 0% of mutant sites (P = 0.001). Compared to 35000HP, 35000HP.400 had only a modest but significant reduction in lesion scores in the temperature-dependent rabbit model of chancroid. These data suggest that proteins secreted by the flp locus are required for full expression of virulence by H. ducreyi in humans but have less of a role in virulence in an animal model of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 435 Emerson Hall, 545 Barnhill Dr., Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5124. Phone: (317) 274-1427. Fax: (317) 274-1587. E-mail: sspinola{at}iupui.edu.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, December 2003, p. 7178-7182, Vol. 71, No. 12
0019-9567/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.12.7178-7182.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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