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Infection and Immunity, April 2004, p. 2035-2044, Vol. 72, No. 4
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2035-2044.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Whole-Genome DNA Array Analysis of the Response of Borrelia burgdorferi to a Bactericidal Monoclonal Antibody

Julie M. Anderton,1 Rafal Tokarz,1 Charles D. Thill,1 Christopher J. Kuhlow,1 Chad S. Brooks,2 Darrin R. Akins,2 Laura I. Katona,1 and Jorge L. Benach1*

Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma2

Received 30 October 2003/ Returned for modification 17 December 2003/ Accepted 23 December 2003

Identification and characterization of genes that contribute to infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and, of those, genes that are targets of host responses is important for understanding the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. The complement-independent bactericidal monoclonal antibody (MAb) CB2 recognizes a carboxy-terminal, hydrophilic epitope of the outer surface protein B (OspB). CB2 kills B. burgdorferi by an unknown bactericidal mechanism. Upon binding of CB2 to OspB, differentially expressed gene products may be responsible for, or associated with, the death of the organism. A time course of the response of B. burgdorferi to CB2 was completed to analyze the differential gene expression in the bacteria over a period of visual morphological changes. Bacteria were treated with a sublethal concentration in which spirochetes were visibly distressed by the antibody but not lysed. Preliminary whole-genome DNA arrays at various time points within 1 h of incubation of B. burgdorferi with the antibody showed that most significant changes occurred at 25 min. Circular plasmid 32 (cp32)-encoded genes were active in this period of time, including the blyA homologs, phage holin system genes. DNA array data show that three blyA homologs were upregulated significantly, >=2 standard deviations from the mean of the log ratios, and a P value of <=0.01. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis verified blyA and blyB upregulation over an 18- to 35-min time course. The hypothesis to test is whether the killing mechanism of CB2 is through uncontrolled expression of the blyA and blyB phage holin system.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Infectious Diseases, 248 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120. Phone: (631) 632-4286. Fax: (631) 632-4294. E-mail: jbenach{at}notes.cc.sunysb.edu.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, April 2004, p. 2035-2044, Vol. 72, No. 4
0019-9567/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2035-2044.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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