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Infection and Immunity, January 2005, p. 126-134, Vol. 73, No. 1
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.1.126-134.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Induction of Host Matrix Metalloproteinases by Borrelia burgdorferi Differs in Human and Murine Lyme Arthritis

Aruna K. Behera,1 Ethan Hildebrand,1 Joanna Scagliotti,1 Allen C. Steere,2 and Linden T. Hu1*

Department of Infectious Disease, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine,1 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2

Received 13 September 2004/ Accepted 17 September 2004

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are induced from host tissues in response to Borrelia burgdorferi. Upregulation of MMPs may play a role in the dissemination of the organism through extracellular matrix tissues, but it can also result in destructive pathology. Although mice are a well-accepted model for Lyme arthritis, there are significant differences compared to human disease. We sought to determine whether MMP expression could account for some of these differences. MMP expression patterns following B. burgdorferi infection were analyzed in primary human chondrocytes, synovial fluid samples from patients with Lyme arthritis, and cartilage tissue from Lyme arthritis-susceptible and -resistant mice by using a gene array, real-time PCR, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. B. burgdorferi infection significantly induced transcription of MMP-1, -3, -13, and -19 from primary human chondrocyte cells. Transcription of MMP-10 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 1 was increased with B. burgdorferi infection, but protein expression was only minimally increased. The synovial fluid levels of MMPs from patients with high and low spirochete burdens were consistent with results seen in the in vitro studies. B. burgdorferi-susceptible C3H/HeN mice infected with B. burgdorferi showed induction of MMP-3 and MMP-19 but no other MMP or tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease. As determined by immunohistochemistry, MMP-3 expression was increased only in chondrocytes near the articular surface. The levels of MMPs were significantly lower in the more Lyme arthritis-resistant BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Differences between human and murine Lyme arthritis may be related to the lack of induction of collagenases, such MMP-1 and MMP-13, in mouse joints.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111. Phone: (617) 636-8498. Fax: (617) 636-3216. E-mail: Lhu{at}tufts-nemc.org.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, January 2005, p. 126-134, Vol. 73, No. 1
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.1.126-134.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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