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Infection and Immunity, January 2005, p. 385-394, Vol. 73, No. 1
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chitinase and Fizz Family Members Are a Generalized Feature of Nematode Infection with Selective Upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by Antigen-Presenting Cells

Meera G. Nair,1 Iain J. Gallagher,1 Matthew D. Taylor,1 P'ng Loke,2 Patricia S. Coulson,3 R. A. Wilson,3 Rick M. Maizels,1 and Judith E. Allen1*

Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,1 Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California2

Received 3 June 2004/ Returned for modification 14 July 2004/ Accepted 10 September 2004

Ym1 and Fizz1 are secreted proteins that have been identified in a variety of Th2-mediated inflammatory settings. We originally found Ym1 and Fizz1 as highly expressed macrophage genes in a Brugia malayi infection model. Here, we show that their expression is a generalized feature of nematode infection and that they are induced at the site of infection with both the tissue nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis and the gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. At the sites of infection with N. brasiliensis, we also observed induction of other chitinase and Fizz family members (ChaFFs): acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and Fizz2. The high expression of both Ym1 and AMCase in the lungs of infected mice suggests that abundant chitinase production is an important feature of Th2 immune responses in the lung. In addition to expression of ChaFFs in the tissues, Ym1 and Fizz1 expression was observed in the lymph nodes. Expression both in vitro and in vivo was restricted to antigen-presenting cells, with the highest expression in B cells and macrophages. ChaFFs may therefore be important effector or wound-repair molecules at the site of nematode infection, with potential regulatory roles for Ym1 and Fizz1 in the draining lymph nodes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom. Phone: (44)1316507014. Fax: (44)1316505450. E-mail: j.allen{at}ed.ac.uk.

Editor: J. F. Urban, Jr.

Infection and Immunity, January 2005, p. 385-394, Vol. 73, No. 1
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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