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Infection and Immunity, December 2005, p. 7836-7843, Vol. 73, No. 12
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.12.7836-7843.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Reduction of Astrogliosis by Early Treatment of Pneumococcal Meningitis Measured by Simultaneous Imaging, In Vivo, of the Pathogen and Host Response

Jagath L. Kadurugamuwa,* Kshitij Modi, Olivier Coquoz, Brad Rice, Steven Smith, Pamela R. Contag, and Tony Purchio

Xenogen Corporation, 860 Atlantic Avenue, Alameda, California 94501

Received 24 May 2005/ Returned for modification 1 August 2005/ Accepted 25 August 2005

We developed a method for simultaneous in vivo biophotonic monitoring of pneumococcal meningitis and the accompanying neuronal injury in live transgenic mice. Streptococcus pneumoniae engineered for bioluminescence (lux) was used for direct visualization of disease progression and antibiotic treatment in a mouse model of meningitis. The host response was monitored in transgenic mice containing an inducible firefly luciferase (luc) reporter gene under transcriptional control of the mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Based on the different spectra of light emission and substrate requirements for lux and luc, we were able to separately monitor the two reporters using a highly sensitive in vivo imaging system. The level of neuronal damage and recovery following antibiotic treatment was dependent on the time of treatment. This model has potential for simultaneous multiparameter monitoring and testing of therapies that target the pathogen or host response to prevent neuronal injury and recovery.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Clorox Services Company, 7200 Johnson Dr., Pleasanton, CA 94588. Phone: (925) 425-6359. Fax: (925) 425-4493. E-mail: Jagath.Kadurugamuwa{at}Clorox.com.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

Infection and Immunity, December 2005, p. 7836-7843, Vol. 73, No. 12
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.12.7836-7843.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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