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Infection and Immunity, March 2005, p. 1350-1356, Vol. 73, No. 3
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.3.1350-1356.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

CD4+ T Cells and Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Salmonella Antigens Expressed in Bacterial Surface Organelles

Molly A. Bergman,1,{dagger} Lisa A. Cummings,2 Sara L. Rassoulian Barrett,2 Kelly D. Smith,3,4 J. Cano Lara,1 Alan Aderem,4 and Brad T. Cookson1,2*

Departments of Microbiology,1 Laboratory Medicine,2 Pathology, University of Washington,3 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington4

Received 22 July 2004/ Returned for modification 12 September 2004/ Accepted 10 November 2004

A better understanding of immunity to infection is revealed from the characteristics of microbial ligands recognized by host immune responses. Murine infection with the intracellular bacterium Salmonella generates CD4+ T cells that specifically recognize Salmonella proteins expressed in bacterial surface organelles such as flagella and membrane vesicles. These natural Salmonella antigens are also ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or avidly associated with TLR ligands such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PhoP/PhoQ, a regulon controlling Salmonella virulence and remodeling of LPS to resist innate immunity, coordinately represses production of surface-exposed antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells and TLRs. These data suggest that genetically coordinated surface modifications may provide a growth advantage for Salmonella in host tissues by limiting both innate and adaptive immune recognition.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Mailstop 357110, 1959 NE Pacific Ave., Seattle, WA 98195. Phone: (206) 598-6131. Fax: (206) 598-6189. E-mail: cookson{at}u.washington.edu.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

{dagger} Present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 021112.

Infection and Immunity, March 2005, p. 1350-1356, Vol. 73, No. 3
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.3.1350-1356.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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