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Infection and Immunity, September 2005, p. 5961-5977, Vol. 73, No. 9
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.9.5961-5977.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Environmental Regulation and Virulence Attributes of the Ysa Type III Secretion System of Yersinia enterocolitica Biovar 1B

Krista Venecia1 and Glenn M. Young1,2*

Microbiology Graduate Group,1 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 956162

Received 21 January 2005/ Returned for modification 24 March 2005/ Accepted 20 May 2005

Pathogenic biovars of Yersinia enterocolitica maintain the well-studied plasmid-encoded Ysc type III secretion (TTS) system, which has a definitive role in virulence. Y. enterocolitica biovar 1B additionally has a distinct chromosomal locus, the Yersinia secretion apparatus pathogenicity island (YSA PI) that encodes the Ysa TTS system. The signals to which the Ysa TTS system responds and its role in virulence remain obscure. This exploratory study was conducted to define environmental cues that promote the expression of Ysa TTS genes and to define how the Ysa TTS system influences bacterium-host interactions. Using a genetic approach, a collection of Y. enterocolitica Ysa TTS mutants was generated by mutagenesis with a transposon carrying promoterless lacZYA. This approach identified genes both within and outside of the YSA PI that contribute to Ysa TTS. Expression of these genes was regulated in response to growth phase, temperature, NaCl, and pH. Additional genetic analysis demonstrated that two regulatory genes encoding components of the YsrR-YsrS (ysrS) and RcsC-YojN-RcsB (rcsB) phosphorelay systems affect the expression of YSA PI genes and each other. The collection of Ysa TTS-defective transposon mutants, along with other strains carrying defined mutations that block Ysa and Ysc TTS, was examined for changes in virulence properties by using the BALB/c mouse model of infection. This analysis revealed that the Ysa TTS system impacts the ability of Y. enterocolitica to colonize gastrointestinal tissues. These results reveal facets of how Y. enterocolitica controls the function of the Ysa TTS system and uncovers a role for the Ysa TTS during the gastrointestinal phase of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: One Sheilds Avenue, University of California, FS&T, 217 Cruess Hall, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 754-5292. Fax: (530) 752-4759. E-mail: gmyoung{at}ucdavis.edu.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

Infection and Immunity, September 2005, p. 5961-5977, Vol. 73, No. 9
0019-9567/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.73.9.5961-5977.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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