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Infection and Immunity, June 2006, p. 3239-3250, Vol. 74, No. 6
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00097-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interaction of Yersinia pestis with Macrophages: Limitations in YopJ-Dependent Apoptosis

Ayelet Zauberman, Sara Cohen,* Emanuelle Mamroud, Yehuda Flashner, Avital Tidhar, Raphael Ber, Eytan Elhanany, Avigdor Shafferman, and Baruch Velan

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel

Received 19 January 2006/ Returned for modification 3 March 2006/ Accepted 10 March 2006

The enteropathogenic Yersinia strains are known to downregulate signaling pathways in macrophages by effectors of the type III secretion system, in which YopJ/YopP plays a crucial role. The adverse effects of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, were examined by infecting J774A.1 cells, RAW264.7 cells, and primary murine macrophages with the EV76 strain and with the fully virulent Kimberley53 strain. Y. pestis exerts YopJ-dependent suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and thus resembles enteropathogenic Yersinia. However, Y. pestis is less able to activate caspases, to suppress NF-{kappa}B activation, and to induce apoptosis in macrophages than the high-virulence Y. enterocolitica WA O:8 strain. These differences appear to be related to lower efficiency of YopJ effector translocation by Y. pestis. The efficiencies of effector translocation and of apoptosis induction can be enhanced either by using a high bacterial load in a synchronized infection or by overexpressing exogenous YopJ in Y. pestis. Replacing YopJ with the homologous Y. enterocolitica effector YopP can further enhance these effects. Overexpression of YopP in a yopJ-deleted Y. pestis background leads to rapid and effective translocation into target cells, providing Y. pestis with the high cytotoxic potential of Y. enterocolitica WA O:8. We suggest that the relative inferiority of Y. pestis in triggering cell death in macrophages may be advantageous for its in vivo propagation in the early stages of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel. Phone: 972-8-9381443. Fax: 972-8-9401404. E-mail: cohens{at}iibr.gov.il.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, June 2006, p. 3239-3250, Vol. 74, No. 6
0019-9567/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.00097-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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