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Infection and Immunity, January 2007, p. 371-378, Vol. 75, No. 1
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01241-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Immunologically Distinct O Antigens from Francisella tularensis Subspecies tularensis and Francisella novicida Are both Virulence Determinants and Protective Antigens{triangledown}

Rebecca M. Thomas,1* Richard W. Titball,1,4 Petra C. F. Oyston,1,5 Kate Griffin,1 Emma Waters,1 Paul G. Hitchen,2 Stephen L. Michell,1 I. Darren Grice,3 Jennifer C. Wilson,3 and Joann L. Prior1

Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom,1 Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,2 Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4215, Australia,3 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7H7, United Kingdom,4 Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom5

Received 4 August 2006/ Returned for modification 25 September 2006/ Accepted 19 October 2006

We have determined the sequence of the gene cluster encoding the O antigen in Francisella novicida and compared it to the previously reported O-antigen cluster in Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. Immunization with purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from F. tularensis subsp. tularensis or F. novicida protected against challenge with Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and F. novicida, respectively. The LPS from F. tularensis subsp. tularensis did not confer protection against challenge with F. novicida, and the LPS from F. novicida did not confer protection against challenge with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. Allelic replacement mutants of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis or F. novicida which failed to produce O antigen were attenuated, but exposure to these mutants did not induce a protective immune response. The O antigen of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis appeared to be important for intracellular survival whereas the O antigen of F. novicida appeared to be critical for serum resistance and less important for intracellular survival.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1980 614365. Fax: 44 1980 614307. E-mail: RMTHOMAS{at}dstl.gov.uk.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 October 2006.

Editor: D. L. Burns

Infection and Immunity, January 2007, p. 371-378, Vol. 75, No. 1
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01241-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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