This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wu, C.-w.
Right arrow Articles by Talaat, A. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wu, C.-w.
Right arrow Articles by Talaat, A. M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Infection and Immunity, May 2007, p. 2110-2119, Vol. 75, No. 5
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01739-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Invasion and Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during Early Stages of Johne's Disease in Calves{triangledown}

Chia-wei Wu,1 Michael Livesey,2 Shelly K. Schmoller,1 Elizabeth J. B. Manning,1 Howard Steinberg,1 William C. Davis,3 Mary Jo Hamilton,3 and Adel M. Talaat1*

The Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Department of Pathobiological Sciences,1 Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington3

Received 31 October 2006/ Returned for modification 19 December 2006/ Accepted 2 February 2007

Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in cattle and is a serious problem for the dairy industry worldwide. Development of models to mimic aspects of Johne's disease remains an elusive goal because of the chronic nature of the disease. In this report, we describe a surgical approach employed to characterize the very early stages of infection of calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. To our surprise, strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were able to traverse the intestinal tissues within 1 h of infection in order to colonize distant organs, such as the liver and lymph nodes. Both the ileum and the mesenteric lymph nodes were persistently infected for months following intestinal deposition of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis despite a lack of fecal shedding of mycobacteria. During the first 9 months of infection, humoral immune responses were not detected. Nonetheless, using flow cytometric analysis, we detected a significant change in the cells participating in the inflammatory responses of infected calves compared to cells in a control animal. Additionally, the levels of cytokines detected in both the ileum and the lymph nodes indicated that there were TH1-type-associated cellular responses but not TH2-type-associated humoral responses. Finally, surgical inoculation of a wild-type strain and a mutant M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain (with an inactivated gcpE gene) demonstrated the ability of the model which we developed to differentiate between the wild-type strain and a mutant strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis deficient in tissue colonization and invasion. Overall, novel insights into the early stages of Johne's disease were obtained, and a practical model of mycobacterial invasiveness was developed. A similar approach can be used for other enteric bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1581. Phone: (608) 262-2861. Fax: (608) 262-7420. E-mail: atalaat{at}wisc.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 February 2007.

Editor: V. J. DiRita

Infection and Immunity, May 2007, p. 2110-2119, Vol. 75, No. 5
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01739-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Khare, S., Nunes, J. S., Figueiredo, J. F., Lawhon, S. D., Rossetti, C. A., Gull, T., Rice-Ficht, A. C., Adams, L. G. (2009). Early Phase Morphological Lesions and Transcriptional Responses of Bovine Ileum Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 46: 717-728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Allen, A. J., Park, K. T., Barrington, G. M., Lahmers, K. K., Hamilton, M. J., Davis, W. C. (2009). Development of a Bovine Ileal Cannulation Model To Study the Immune Response and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis of Paratuberculosis. CVI 16: 453-463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wu, C.-w., Schmoller, S. K., Shin, S. J., Talaat, A. M. (2007). Defining the Stressome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis In Vitro and in Naturally Infected Cows. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7877-7886 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»