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Infection and Immunity, June 2007, p. 3043-3054, Vol. 75, No. 6
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01893-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Trivalent Vaccine against Botulinum Toxin Serotypes A, B, and E That Can Be Administered by the Mucosal Route{triangledown}

Easwaran Ravichandran,{dagger} Fetweh H. Al-Saleem,{dagger} Denise M. Ancharski, Mohammad D. Elias, Ajay K. Singh, Mohammad Shamim, Yujing Gong, and Lance L. Simpson*

Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Received 30 November 2006/ Returned for modification 2 February 2007/ Accepted 12 March 2007

Most reports dealing with vaccines against botulinum toxin have focused on the injection route of administration. This is unfortunate, because a mucosal vaccine is likely to be more efficacious for patients and pose fewer risks to health care workers and to the environment. Therefore, efforts were made to generate a mucosal vaccine that provides protection against the botulinum serotypes that typically cause human illness (serotypes A, B, and E). This work demonstrated that carboxy-terminal peptides derived from each of the three serotypes were able to bind to and penetrate human epithelial barriers in vitro, and there was no cross inhibition of membrane binding and transcytosis. The three polypeptides were then tested in vivo as a trivalent vaccine that could be administered to mice by the intranasal route. The results indicated that the mucosal vaccine evoked high secretory titers of immunoglobulin A (IgA), as well as high circulating titers of IgG and IgA, and it also evoked a high level of resistance to challenge with toxin. The immunoglobulin responses and the levels of resistance to challenge were increased by coadministration of adjuvants, such as chitosan and vitamin E. At least three mechanisms were identified to account for the antibody-induced resistance: (i) blockade of toxin absorption across epithelial cells, (ii) enhanced clearance of toxin from the circulation, and (iii) blockade of toxin action at the neuromuscular junction. These results are a compelling demonstration that a mucosal vaccine against multiple serotypes of botulinum toxin has been identified.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Room 314-JAH, Jefferson Medical College, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Phone: (215) 955-8381. Fax: (215) 955-2169. E-mail: Lance.Simpson{at}jefferson.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 March 2007.

Editor: D. L. Burns

{dagger} E.R. and F.H.A.-S. contributed equally to this study.

Infection and Immunity, June 2007, p. 3043-3054, Vol. 75, No. 6
0019-9567/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/IAI.01893-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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