Cover photograph (Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Nonvertebrate hosts provide an alternative to the study of virulence traits in vitro and in mammals. (Top left) Electron microscopy of wild-type Cryptococcus neoformans. (Top right) Fluorescence microscopy of wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans N2 after feeding on C. neoformans that expresses green fluorescent protein fused to the MFγ1 promoter. The C. neoformans MFγ1 promoter is specifically expressed in the C. elegans intestine, a finding similar to that in the rabbit central nervous system. (Bottom left) C. neoformans fungal cell stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate phagocytosed by a Galleria mellonella hemocyte. Wax moths were exposed to C. neoformans in vivo, and hemocytes were collected and stained with acridine orange before microscopy. (Bottom right) Histopathology of a brain section from a mouse challenged with wild-type C. neoformans, demonstrating large fungal colonies. (We (See related article on page 3842.)
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