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Cover photograph (Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Vibrio cholerae causes cholera by colonizing the human small bowel and secreting cholera toxin. Intestinal colonization is conceptualized as a series of three discrete steps. In the first step (bottom panel), individual bacteria (green) attach to intestinal epithelial cells (grey). Attachment is followed by the second step (middle panel) during which bacteria aggregate into microcolonies. The final step (top panel) involves the formation and maintenance of larger bacterial aggregates (macrocolonies). The micrographs in steps 1 and 2 depict V. cholerae colonizing HT-29 cells after 1 and 4 h of incubation, respectively. The micrograph in step 3 depicts the infant mouse intestine colonized by V. cholerae 16 h after oral inoculation. (See related article on page 4461.)
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