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Infection and Immunity
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Bacterial Infections

Differential Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Indole on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Chemotaxis, Colonization, and Gene Expression

Tarun Bansal, Derek Englert, Jintae Lee, Manjunath Hegde, Thomas K. Wood, Arul Jayaraman
Tarun Bansal
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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Derek Englert
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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Jintae Lee
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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Manjunath Hegde
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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Thomas K. Wood
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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Arul Jayaraman
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122
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  • For correspondence: arulj@tamu.edu
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00630-07
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ABSTRACT

During infection in the gastrointestinal tract, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is exposed to a wide range of signaling molecules, including the eukaryotic hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, and bacterial signal molecules such as indole. Since these signaling molecules have been shown to be involved in the regulation of phenotypes such as motility and virulence that are crucial for EHEC infections, we hypothesized that these molecules also govern the initial recognition of the large intestine environment and attachment to the host cell surface. Here, we report that, compared to indole, epinephrine and norepinephrine exert divergent effects on EHEC chemotaxis, motility, biofilm formation, gene expression, and colonization of HeLa cells. Using a novel two-fluorophore chemotaxis assay, it was found that EHEC is attracted to epinephrine and norepinephrine while it is repelled by indole. In addition, epinephrine and norepinephrine also increased EHEC motility and biofilm formation while indole attenuated these phenotypes. DNA microarray analysis of surface-associated EHEC indicated that epinephrine/norepinephrine up-regulated the expression of genes involved in surface colonization and virulence while exposure to indole decreased their expression. The gene expression data also suggested that autoinducer 2 uptake was repressed upon exposure to epinephrine/norepinephrine but not indole. In vitro adherence experiments confirmed that epinephrine and norepinephrine increased attachment to epithelial cells while indole decreased adherence. Taken together, these results suggest that epinephrine and norepinephrine increase EHEC infection while indole attenuates the process.

  • Copyright © 2007 American Society for Microbiology
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Differential Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Indole on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Chemotaxis, Colonization, and Gene Expression
Tarun Bansal, Derek Englert, Jintae Lee, Manjunath Hegde, Thomas K. Wood, Arul Jayaraman
Infection and Immunity Aug 2007, 75 (9) 4597-4607; DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00630-07

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Differential Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Indole on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Chemotaxis, Colonization, and Gene Expression
Tarun Bansal, Derek Englert, Jintae Lee, Manjunath Hegde, Thomas K. Wood, Arul Jayaraman
Infection and Immunity Aug 2007, 75 (9) 4597-4607; DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00630-07
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KEYWORDS

chemotaxis
Epinephrine
Escherichia coli O157
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Indoles
norepinephrine
signal transduction

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