EDITOR IN CHIEF (2017)
Ferric C. Fang
University of Washington School of Medicine
EDITORS
John H. Adams, Editor (2014) University of South Florida
Helene L. Andrews-Polymenis, Minireview Editor (2014) Texas A&M University System Health Science Center
Judith A. Appleton, Editor (2018) Cornell University
Andreas J. Bäumler, Editor (2017) University of California at Davis
Steven R. Blanke, Editor (2017) University of Illinois
Andrew Camilli, Editor (2016) Tufts University School of Medicine
George S. Deepe, Jr., Editor (2014) University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
JoAnne L. Flynn, Editor (2014) University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Anthony T. Maurelli, Minireview Editor (2014) Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Beth A. McCormick, Editor (2017) University of Massachusetts Medical School
Richard P. Morrison, Editor (2015) University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Shelley M. Payne, Editor (2014) University of Texas at Austin
Liise-anne Pirofski, Editor (2017) Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Craig R. Roy, Editor (2018) Yale University School of Medicine
Thomas E. Shenk, Chairman, Journals Board
Barbara M. Goldman, Director, Journals
Jessica Kanotz, Production Editor
Zehava C. Robbins, Assistant Production Editor
EDITORIAL BOARD
David W. K. Acheson (2013)
Luis Actis (2015)
Toni Aebischer (2014)
Darrin R. Akins (2015)
Klaus Aktories (2014)
James Alexander (2013)
Holly Algood (2013)
Julio Aliberti (2014)
Lee-Ann Allen (2015)
Craig Altier (2015)
Juan Anguita (2013)
Robert M. Anthony (2013)
Rui Appelberg (2013)
Glen D. Armstrong (2013)
Sandra K. Armstrong (2014)
Bernard Arulanandam (2015)
Ingo Autenrieth (2014)
Abdu F. Azad (2014)
Lauren Bakaletz (2013)
Jimmy D. Ballard (2014)
Jeff Banas (2013)
Joseph Barbieri (2013)
David Beenhouwer (2015)
John Belisle (2013)
Jorge A. Benitez (2013)
Elke Bergmann-Leitner (2013)
Luiz E. Bermudez (2015)
Charles Bevins (2014)
Christian Bogdan (2015)
Catherine Bosio (2015)
Kenneth L. Bost (2015)
Michael Brennan (2015)
Volker Briken (2015)
David Briles (2015)
Charles Brown (2014)
Eric L. Brown (2013)
Jeremy Brown (2014)
Wendy Brown (2013)
Dirk Hans Busch (2015)
Gerald Byrne (2015)
Melissa J. Caimano (2015)
Anthony A. Campagnari (2015)
Michael Cappello (2013)
Nicholas Carbonetti (2014)
James Carroll (2013)
Jean Celli (2015)
Kris Chadee (2014)
Sandra P. Chang (2014)
Bobby Cherayil (2014)
Ambrose Cheung (2014)
Ashok K. Chopra (2015)
Nicholas P. Cianciotto (2013)
Jeffrey D. Cirillo (2013)
Steven Clegg (2014)
Jenifer L. Coburn (2014)
Paul Cohen (2014)
Terry D. Connell (2015)
Stephanie Constant (2013)
Paul Converse (2013)
Brad Cookson (2013)
Cynthia Cornelissen (2015)
Peggy Cotter (2015)
Timothy L. Cover (2014)
Christopher W. Cutler (2015)
Charles J. Czuprynski (2013)
Toni Darville (2014)
Andrew Darwin (2015)
Frank DeLeo (2015)
Donald R. Demuth (2015)
Eric Y. Denkers (2014)
Albert Descoteaux (2015)
Corrella Detweiler (2015)
Hazel Dockrell (2014)
Mark Doherty (2013)
Peter Dube (2014)
Malcolm Duthie (2014)
Roman Dziarski (2014)
Kathryn A. Eaton (2013)
Sabine Ehrt (2014)
Karen Elkins (2013)
David Elliott (2013)
Masashi Emoto (2013)
Christian Engwerda (2013)
Peter B. Ernst (2014)
Marta Feldmesser (2013)
J. Christopher Fenno (2015)
Paul Fidel (2015)
Ken Fields (2015)
Joshua Fierer (2014)
James Fleckenstein (2015)
Suzanne Fleiszig (2014)
Sarah Fortune (2015)
Timothy Foster (2013)
Dara Frank (2013)
Carl Frasch (2014)
Nancy E. Freitag (2014)
Matthias Frosch (2013)
Francisco Garcia-del Portillo (2014)
Nisha Garg (2013)
Caroline Genco (2013)
Jorge Giron (2015)
Michael Glickman (2013)
Joanna B. Goldberg (2014)
Channe Gowda (2015)
Bruce Green (2013)
Marc-Jan Gubbels (2015)
Patricia Guerry-Kopecko (2014)
Paul A. Gulig (2014)
John S. Gunn (2013)
Carlos A. Guzman (2015)
Ted Hackstadt (2014)
Constantine G. Haidaris (2013)
Anders Hakansson (2015)
Sven Hammerschmidt (2014)
Eric J. Hansen (2013)
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt (2013)
Nicola Harris (2014)
Eric Harvill (2014)
Alan R. Hauser (2013)
Jürgen Heesemann (2013)
Robert Heinzen (2013)
Laura Hendrix (2014)
David Hendrixson (2013)
Michael Hensel (2014)
DeBroski Herbert (2014)
Sarah K. Highlander (2013)
Daniel Howe (2014)
Christopher A. Hunter (2013)
Christopher Huston (2013)
Kris Huygen (2015)
Lars Hviid (2015)
Angelo Izzo (2014)
Howard Jenkinson (2015)
Ann Jerse (2015)
Samithamby Jeyaseelan (2013)
Bradley D. Jones (2014)
Ann-Beth Jonsson (2015)
Bernhard Kaltenboeck (2015)
Thomas H. Kawula (2013)
Arina Keestra (2015)
Shabaana Abdul Khader (2015)
Imtiaz Khan (2015)
Samantha King (2015)
Robert Kingsley (2014)
Bruce Klein (2015)
Karl Klose (2014)
Dennis J. Kopecko (2013)
Eric Krukonis (2014)
Meta Kuehn (2015)
Nirbhay Kumar (2015)
Sanjai Kumar (2013)
Eric Lafontaine (2013)
Richard J. Lamont (2013)
Wyndham Lathem (2015)
Chia Y. Lee (2013)
Jean C. Lee (2013)
Andreas Lengeling (2013)
Stuart Levitz (2014)
Philip LoVerde (2014)
Crystal Loving (2013)
Adrian Luty (2013)
David M. Lyerly (2015)
Richard Malley (2014)
Barbara J. Mann (2015)
Richard T. Marconi (2014)
Helene Marquis (2015)
Bruce A. McClane (2013)
Larry McDaniel (2015)
David McGee (2013)
Kevin S. McIver (2013)
David N. McMurray (2015)
Joan Mecsas (2014)
Tod Merkel (2014)
D. Scott Merrell (2014)
Dennis Metzger (2015)
Karen Meysick (2014)
F. Chris Minion (2015)
Tim J. Mitchell (2015)
Hans-Willi Mittruecker (2014)
Harry L. T. Mobley (2013)
Jeremy Mogridge (2013)
Denise Monack (2015)
Steven L. Moseley (2014)
Rodney A. Moxley (2013)
Matthew Mulvey (2014)
Robert S. Munson (2013)
Timothy Murphy (2015)
Moon H. Nahm (2014)
Elizabeth Nardin (2015)
James P. Nataro (2014)
Gerard J. Nau (2014)
William Navarre (2014)
Melody Neely (2015)
Olivier Neyrolles (2015)
Frank C. Nichols (2015)
Tracy Nicholson (2014)
Matthew Nilles (2015)
Steven J. Norris (2015)
Joshua Nosanchuk (2013)
Bogdan Nowicki (2015)
Edwin V. Oaks (2014)
David O'Callaghan (2013)
Marco Oggioni (2015)
Joan C. Olson (2015)
Michal Olszewski (2015)
Mary O'Riordan (2015)
Paul Orndorff (2013)
Michael Otto (2015)
Guy Palmer (2013)
Nikhat Parveen (2013)
David W. Pascual (2014)
Marcela Pasetti (2015)
James C. Paton (2014)
Richard Peek (2014)
Mercio PereiraPerrin (2014)
Mario T. Philipp (2013)
Gregory V. Plano (2013)
Alice Prince (2015)
Manuela Raffatellu (2015)
Kyle Ramsey (2015)
Roger G. Rank (2013)
Rino Rappuoli (2014)
Adam Ratner (2015)
Laurent Renia (2014)
Richard F. Rest (2014)
Eleanor Riley (2013)
Daniel Rockey (2013)
Luigina Romani (2014)
Roy Martin Roop II (2014)
David Sacks (2014)
Padmini Salgame (2014)
Nita H. Salzman (2013)
James Samuel (2013)
Karla Fullner Satchell (2014)
Charles Scanga (2013)
Frank Scannapieco (2013)
Dieter M. Schifferli (2014)
Larry S. Schlesinger (2015)
Dirk Schnappinger (2013)
Michael J. Schurr (2013)
Alan Scott (2014)
Janakiram Seshu (2015)
William Shafer (2015)
Terez Shea-Donohue (2013)
Hai Ning Shi (2015)
Jerry Simecka (2013)
Upinder Singh (2014)
Eric P. Skaar (2013)
Jon Skare (2014)
Mark Smeltzer (2015)
Stephen Smiley (2014)
Vanessa Sperandio (2015)
Chad Steele (2013)
Ivo Steinmetz (2015)
Brian Stevenson (2013)
Bradley Gene Stiles (2015)
Susan C. Straley (2013)
W. Edward Swords (2014)
Christopher Taylor (2013)
Vernon Tesh (2014)
Alfredo G. Torres (2015)
Renee Tsolis (2015)
Takafumi Tsuboi (2015)
Cagla Tukel (2013)
Elaine Tuomanen (2013)
Joanne Turner (2014)
Rodney K. Tweten (2014)
Jude Uzonna (2015)
Miguel Valvano (2015)
Peter van der Ley (2015)
Adrianus van der Velden (2015)
Thomas E. Van Dyke (2013)
Jos van Putten (2014)
Jos van Strijp (2015)
Michael L. Vasil (2014)
Andrés Vazquez-Torres (2015)
Anna Vecchiarelli (2015)
Joseph M. Vinetz (2013)
Joseph Vogel (2015)
Daniel E. Voth (2013)
Honorine Ward (2014)
Janis Weis (2015)
Alison Weiss (2014)
Michael R. Wessels (2013)
Lee M. Wetzler (2015)
A. Clinton White, Jr. (2015)
Brenda A. Wilson (2015)
Mary Wilson (2013)
Nathalie Winter (2015)
Sebastian Winter (2014)
David Wood (2015)
Hui Wu (2015)
Min Wu (2014)
Thomas A. Wynn (2013)
Timothy Yahr (2014)
George S. Yap (2015)
Vincent Young (2014)
Hongwei Yu (2013)
Thomas C. Zahrt (2013)
Dietmar M. Zaiss (2013)
Guangming Zhong (2014)
Daoguo Zhou (2014)
Richard Zuerner (2013)
Infection and Immunity (ISSN 0019-9567), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Instructions to Authors can be found at http://iai.asm.org/site/misc/ifora.xhtml and are updated throughout the year. Infection and Immunity is published monthly, one volume per year. Nonmember print subscription prices (per year) are: $1,227, U.S.; $1,306, Canada (plus GST or HST where applicable); $1,309, Europe; $1,336, Latin America; $1,339, rest of world. Member print subscription prices (per year) are: $189, U.S.; $298 or $321, Canada (including GST or HST, respectively, where applicable); $265, Europe; $300, Latin America; $297, rest of world. Single copies are: $100, nonmember; $50, member (Canadians add 5% GST, or 13% HST where applicable). For prices of electronic versions or for correspondence relating to subscriptions, defective copies, missing issues, and availability of back issues, contact the Subscriptions Unit, ASM (asmjournals{at}subscriptionoffice.com). Correspondence relating to reprint orders should be directed to ASM Author Services (ASM.AuthorServicesSupport{at}cenveo.com), and correspondence relating to disposition of submitted manuscripts, proofs, and general editorial matters should be directed to the Journals Department, American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904. Phone: (202) 737-3600 (see http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/staffcontacts.xhtml).
Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing because of failure to report an address change or for issues“missing from files” will not be allowed.
Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC 20036, and at additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Infection and Immunity, ASM, 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904.
Made in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper. CODEN: INFIBR
doi:10.1128/IAI.masthead.81-8
Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
The code at the bottom of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.
- Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
