Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Antibody responses to five PfEMP1 domains in 187 young Papua New Guinean children. (A) Domain compositions and seroprevalences of the five tested PfEMP1 domains. Seroprevalences are indicated as percentages above the relevant domains. ATS indicates the intracellular acidic terminal segment of PfEMP1. (B) Correlation coefficients for seropositivity to five PfEMP1 domains. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) are indicated by asterisks.
- FIG 2
Relationships between antibody responses to five PfEMP1 domains, age, and infection status. (A) IgG levels stratified by age (age groups were determined by the median age [1.7 years]). (B) IgG levels stratified by P. falciparum infection status. Box-and-whisker plots are shown for the five PfEMP1 domains. The boxes show the interquartile ranges, the horizontal lines are medians, the whiskers indicate the 95% confidence intervals, and the circles are the outliers (95 to 99%). P values for the differences were determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test between the groups; ns, not significant.
- FIG 3
Antibody responses to five PfEMP1 domains and prospective risk of symptomatic malaria. Antibody levels were grouped into three equal groups (high, medium, and low). The incidence rates of clinical malaria and high-density clinical malaria were compared for high and low responders for each tested domain using negative binomial regression. The incidence rate ratios were adjusted for village of residence, seasonal variation, age (continuous), infection status at the time of antibody measurement, and differences in individual exposures (molFOB). The aIRRs for the comparison of high and low responders and the 95% confidence intervals are shown. The P values are indicated only when significant (P < 0.05).
- FIG 4
Antibody responses to five PfEMP1 domains and development of severe malaria. Means and standard errors are shown for children who experienced severe malaria and those who did not. P values for t test comparisons of the means are indicated for each domain.
- FIG 5
Conservation of ICAM1-binding motifs and dual EPCR-ICAM1-binding cassettes in Papua New Guinea. var gene sequences were assembled for 125 P. falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea, and domains were classified as previously described (42). (A) Maximum likelihood tree of 473 DBLβ1 and DBLβ3 sequences, including 406 from PNG (pink, DBLβ1; red, DBLβ3) and 67 from isolates from diverse geographic locations (cyan, DBLβ1; blue, DBLβ3). Sequences containing the minimal ICAM1-binding motif are indicated by solid circles. Genes described in this study are labeled at the DBLβ1/3 variant positions in the tree. (B) Domain architecture of PNG var genes containing DBLβ1/3 domains with ICAM1 motifs. The presence of domain cassettes among the 80 var genes containing DBLβ1/3 with the ICAM1-binding motif relative to that among a subset of 331 PNG var genes containing any DBLβ1/3 is indicated on the right; n.a., not applicable. Significance was determined by a binomial exact test.
Additional Files
Supplemental material
- Supplemental file 1 -
Text S1. Sequences of recombinant domains used in this study. Fig. S1. Immunoblots of PF13_0003 and PFL1955w NTS-DBL and CIDR domains. Fig. S2. Subtree of the ICAM1-binding cluster of DBLβ sequences. Captions for Tables S1 to S6 and Data Sets S1 and S2.
PDF, 2.1M
- Supplemental file 2 -
Table S1. P values for pairwise comparisons of antibody responses between domains. Table S2. Characteristics of children with severe malaria. Table S3. Summary of var genes and DBLβ domains obtained from 125 P. falciparum genomes from Papua New Guinea. Table S4. ICAM1 motifs in DBLβ sequences from Papua New Guinea. Table S5. ICAM1 motifs in DBLβ sequences of supplementary data set. Table S6. Domain sequences and architecture of var-DBLβ with ICAM1-binding motifs.
XLSX, 123K
- Supplemental file 3 -
Data Set S1. All Papua New Guinea DBLβ sequences.
CSV, 697K
- Supplemental file 4 -
Data Set S2. All supplementary DBLβ sequences.
CSV, 59K
- Supplemental file 1 -
