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Infection and Immunity
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Table of Contents

January 2019; Volume 87,Issue 1

Minireview

  • The Evasive Enemy: Insights into the Virulence and Epidemiology of the Emerging Attaching and Effacing Pathogen <em>Escherichia albertii</em>
    Minireview
    The Evasive Enemy: Insights into the Virulence and Epidemiology of the Emerging Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii

    The diarrheic attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen Escherichia albertii was first isolated from infants in Bangladesh in 1991, although the bacterium was initially classified as Hafnia alvei. Subsequent genetic and biochemical interrogation of these isolates raised concerns about their initial...

    Shantanu Bhatt, Marisa Egan, Brian Critelli, Andrew Kouse, Daniel Kalman, Chirag Upreti

Molecular Pathogenesis

  • Synergy between Nutritional Immunity and Independent Host Defenses Contributes to the Importance of the MntABC Manganese Transporter during <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Infection
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Synergy between Nutritional Immunity and Independent Host Defenses Contributes to the Importance of the MntABC Manganese Transporter during Staphylococcus aureus Infection

    During infection, the host utilizes a diverse array of processes to combat invaders, including the restriction of availability of essential nutrients such as manganese. Similarly to many other pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus possesses two manganese importers, MntH and MntABC.

    Jana N. Radin, Jamie Zhu, Erin B. Brazel, Christopher A. McDevitt, Thomas E. Kehl-Fie

Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions

  • Phosphothreonine Lyase Promotes p65 Degradation in a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1-Dependent Manner
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Phosphothreonine Lyase Promotes p65 Degradation in a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1-Dependent Manner

    Bacterial phosphothreonine lyases have been identified to be type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors that irreversibly dephosphorylate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote infection. However, the effects of phosphothreonine lyase on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling remain largely unknown.

    Mingyu Hou, Wenhui Wang, Feizi Hu, Yuanxing Zhang, Dahai Yang, Qin Liu
  • Open Access
    <em>Atg5</em> Supports <em>Rickettsia australis</em> Infection in Macrophages <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em>
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Atg5 Supports Rickettsia australis Infection in Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo

    Rickettsiae can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Macrophages are one of the initial targets for rickettsiae after inoculation by ticks.

    Jeremy Bechelli, Leoncio Vergara, Claire Smalley, Tetyana P. Buzhdygan, Sean Bender, William Zhang, Yan Liu, Vsevolod L. Popov, Jin Wang, Nisha Garg, Seungmin Hwang, David H. Walker, Rong Fang
  • The Host Scaffolding Protein Filamin A and the Exocyst Complex Control Exocytosis during InlB-Mediated Entry of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    The Host Scaffolding Protein Filamin A and the Exocyst Complex Control Exocytosis during InlB-Mediated Entry of Listeria monocytogenes

    Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria induces its internalization (entry) into some human cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein InlB with its host receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase.

    Manmeet Bhalla, Hoan Van Ngo, Gaurav Chandra Gyanwali, Keith Ireton
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Clearance Is Enhanced by α2,3- and α2,6-Sialyllactose via Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Phagocytosis
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Bacterial Clearance Is Enhanced by α2,3- and α2,6-Sialyllactose via Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Phagocytosis

    Sialyllactose (SL) is a representative human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) of human breast milk. The roles of SL in infant brain development and immunity have been reported in previous studies.

    Jimin Kim, Yong-Jae Kim, Jae Wha Kim
  • A Nonfimbrial Adhesin of <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</em> Mediates Biofilm Biogenesis
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    A Nonfimbrial Adhesin of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Mediates Biofilm Biogenesis

    Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by polymicrobial biofilms. The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans displays two proteinaceous surface structures, the fimbriae and the nonfimbrial extracellular matrix binding protein A (EmaA), as observed by electron microscopy.

    David R. Danforth, Gaoyan Tang-Siegel, Teresa Ruiz, Keith P. Mintz

Bacterial Infections

  • <em>Brucella neotomae</em> Recapitulates Attributes of Zoonotic Human Disease in a Murine Infection Model
    Bacterial Infections
    Brucella neotomae Recapitulates Attributes of Zoonotic Human Disease in a Murine Infection Model

    Members of the genus Brucella are Gram-negative pathogens that cause chronic systemic infection in farm animals and zoonotic infection in humans. Study of the genus Brucella has been hindered by the need for biosafety level 3 select agent containment.

    Yoon-Suk Kang, Daniel A. Brown, James E. Kirby
  • H<sub>2</sub>S, a Bacterial Defense Mechanism against the Host Immune Response
    Bacterial Infections
    H2S, a Bacterial Defense Mechanism against the Host Immune Response

    The biological mediator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by bacteria and has been shown to be cytoprotective against oxidative stress and to increase the sensitivity of various bacteria to a range of antibiotic drugs. Here we evaluated whether bacterial H2S provides resistance against the immune response, using two bacterial species that are common sources of nosocomial infections,...

    Tracy Toliver-Kinsky, Weihua Cui, Gabor Törö, Seung-Jin Lee, Konstantin Shatalin, Evgeny Nudler, Csaba Szabo
  • <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> OxyR Regulates the Transcriptional Response to Hydrogen Peroxide
    Bacterial Infections
    Acinetobacter baumannii OxyR Regulates the Transcriptional Response to Hydrogen Peroxide

    Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes diverse infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and wound infections. Due to multiple intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms, A. baumannii isolates are commonly multidrug resistant, and infections...

    Lillian J. Juttukonda, Erin R. Green, Zachery R. Lonergan, Marie C. Heffern, Christopher J. Chang, Eric P. Skaar
  • <em>Salmonella</em> Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Expressed in the Chicken Intestine and Promotes Bacterial Proliferation
    Bacterial Infections
    Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Expressed in the Chicken Intestine and Promotes Bacterial Proliferation

    Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The bacterium can be transmitted to humans via contaminated chicken meat and eggs, and virulence in humans requires type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1), encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).

    Colleen R. Eade, Lydia Bogomolnaya, Chien-Che Hung, Michael I. Betteken, L. Garry Adams, Helene Andrews-Polymenis, Craig Altier
  • Open Access
    Increased Mortality in Mice following Immunoprophylaxis Therapy with High Dosage of Nicotinamide in <em>Burkholderia</em> Persistent Infections
    Bacterial Infections
    Increased Mortality in Mice following Immunoprophylaxis Therapy with High Dosage of Nicotinamide in Burkholderia Persistent Infections

    Bacterial persistence, known as noninherited antibacterial resistance, is a factor contributing to the establishment of long-lasting chronic bacterial infections. In this study, we examined the ability of nicotinamide (NA) to potentiate the activity of different classes of antibiotics against Burkholderia thailandensis persister cells.

    Sofiya N. Micheva-Viteva, Brittany N. Ross, Jun Gao, Samantha Adikari, Pengfei Zhang, Judith R. Mourant, Terry H. Wu, James H. Werner, Alfredo G. Torres, Elizabeth Hong-Geller
  • Peptidyl-Prolyl-<em>cis</em>/<em>trans</em>-Isomerases Mip and PpiB of <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Contribute to Surface Translocation, Growth at Suboptimal Temperature, and Infection
    Bacterial Infections
    Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis/trans-Isomerases Mip and PpiB of Legionella pneumophila Contribute to Surface Translocation, Growth at Suboptimal Temperature, and Infection

    The gammaproteobacterium Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an atypical pneumonia that manifests itself with severe lung damage. L. pneumophila, a common inhabitant of freshwater environments, replicates in free-living amoebae and persists in biofilms in natural...

    J. Rasch, C. M. Ünal, A. Klages, Ü. Karsli, N. Heinsohn, R. M. H. J. Brouwer, M. Richter, A. Dellmann, M. Steinert

Host Response and Inflammation

  • Gene Expression Differences in Host Response to <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> Infection
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Gene Expression Differences in Host Response to Schistosoma haematobium Infection

    Schistosome worms infect over 200 million people worldwide. They live in the host’s bloodstream and alter host immunity.

    Kathryn M. Dupnik, Mary Juliet Reust, Kaitlin M. Vick, Benjamin Yao, Donald Miyaye, Eric Lyimo, Crispin Mukerebe, Julius Mngara, Samuel E. Kalluvya, Claudia J. de Dood, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Govert J. van Dam, Tuo Zhang, Jenny Xiang, Myung Hee Lee, Jennifer A. Downs
  • Overlapping Roles for Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Protective Host Defense against Murine <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Pneumonia
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Overlapping Roles for Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Protective Host Defense against Murine Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia

    Legionella pneumophila causes life-threatening pneumonia culminating in acute lung injury. Innate and adaptive cytokines play an important role in host defense against L. pneumophila infection.

    Yuta Nanjo, Michael W. Newstead, Tetsuji Aoyagi, Xianying Zeng, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Fu Shin Yu, Kazuhiro Tateda, Theodore J. Standiford
  • <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</em> Exploits CD209 Receptors for Promoting Host Dissemination and Infection
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Exploits CD209 Receptors for Promoting Host Dissemination and Infection

    Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative enteropathogen and causes gastrointestinal infections. It disseminates from gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, and liver of infected humans and animals.

    Ying-Xia He, Cheng-Lin Ye, Pei Zhang, Qiao Li, Chae Gyu Park, Kun Yang, Ling-Yu Jiang, Yin Lv, Xiao-Ling Ying, Hong-Hui Ding, Hong-Ping Huang, John Mambwe Tembo, An-Yi Li, Bing Cheng, Shu-Sheng Zhang, Guo-Xing Zheng, Shi-Yun Chen, Wei Li, Lian-Xu Xia, Biao Kan, Xin Wang, Huai-Qi Jing, Rui-Fu Yang, Hua Peng, Yang-Xin Fu, John D. Klena, Mikael Skurnik, Tie Chen
  • Open Access
    Characterization of Host Responses during <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Acute Infection in the Lungs and Blood and after Treatment with the Synthetic Immunomodulatory Peptide IDR-1002
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Characterization of Host Responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acute Infection in the Lungs and Blood and after Treatment with the Synthetic Immunomodulatory Peptide IDR-1002

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial pneumonia and infects patients with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa lung infections are difficult to treat due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and strains with multidrug resistance are becoming more prevalent.

    ...
    Kelli Wuerth, Amy H. Y. Lee, Reza Falsafi, Erin E. Gill, Robert E. W. Hancock
  • Diffusely Adherent <em>Escherichia coli</em> Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory Substances
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory Substances

    Diarrheagenicity of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) remains controversial. Previously, we found that motile DAEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients induced high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).

    Yoshihiko Tanimoto, Sayaka Tamai, Takehiro Matsuzaki, Narumi Takeuchi, Takumi Noju, Saki Yanagida, Eriko Kage-Nakadai, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Toshio Kodama, Shota Nakamura, Daisuke Motooka, Tetsuya Iida, Yoshikazu Nishikawa
  • The Pneumococcal Surface Proteins PspA and PspC Sequester Host C4-Binding Protein To Inactivate Complement C4b on the Bacterial Surface
    Host Response and Inflammation
    The Pneumococcal Surface Proteins PspA and PspC Sequester Host C4-Binding Protein To Inactivate Complement C4b on the Bacterial Surface

    Complement is a critical component of antimicrobial immunity. Various complement regulatory proteins prevent host cells from being attacked.

    Kashif S. Haleem, Youssif M. Ali, Hasan Yesilkaya, Thomas Kohler, Sven Hammerschmidt, Peter W. Andrew, Wilhelm J. Schwaeble, Nicholas J. Lynch
  • Probiotic Exopolysaccharide Protects against Systemic <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Infection, Inducing Dual-Functioning Macrophages That Restrict Bacterial Growth and Limit Inflammation
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Probiotic Exopolysaccharide Protects against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection, Inducing Dual-Functioning Macrophages That Restrict Bacterial Growth and Limit Inflammation

    Staphylococcus aureus causes severe systemic infection with high mortality rates. We previously identified exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, that induces anti-inflammatory macrophages with an M2 phenotype and protects mice from...

    Wonbeom Paik, Francis Alonzo, Katherine L. Knight

Fungal and Parasitic Infections

  • <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Interacts with a Subunit of the Parasite Proteasome
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Plasmodium falciparum Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Interacts with a Subunit of the Parasite Proteasome

    Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, which undergoes a complex life cycle in a human host and a mosquito vector. The parasite’s cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is essential at multiple steps of the life cycle.

    K. Govindasamy, R. Khan, M. Snyder, H. J. Lou, P. Du, H. M. Kudyba, V. Muralidharan, B. E. Turk, P. Bhanot

Microbial Immunity and Vaccines

  • Granzyme B Is an Essential Mediator in CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Killing of <em>Theileria parva</em>-Infected Cells
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Granzyme B Is an Essential Mediator in CD8+ T Cell Killing of Theileria parva-Infected Cells

    There is established evidence that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important mediators of immunity against the bovine intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva. However, the mechanism by which the specific CD8+ T cells kill parasitized cells is not understood.

    Jie Yang, Alan Pemberton, W. Ivan Morrison, Tim Connelley
  • Open Access
    Controlled Infection Immunization Using Delayed Death Drug Treatment Elicits Protective Immune Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria Parasites
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Controlled Infection Immunization Using Delayed Death Drug Treatment Elicits Protective Immune Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria Parasites

    Naturally acquired immunity to malaria is robust and protective against all strains of the same species of Plasmodium. This develops as a result of repeated natural infection, taking several years to develop.

    Leanne M. Low, Aloysious Ssemaganda, Xue Q. Liu, Mei-Fong Ho, Victoria Ozberk, James Fink, Lana Sundac, Kylie Alcorn, Amy Morrison, Kevin O’Callaghan, John Gerrard, Danielle I. Stanisic, Michael F. Good

Molecular Genomics

  • Genomic, Phenotypic, and Virulence Analysis of <em>Streptococcus sanguinis</em> Oral and Infective-Endocarditis Isolates
    Molecular Genomics
    Genomic, Phenotypic, and Virulence Analysis of Streptococcus sanguinis Oral and Infective-Endocarditis Isolates

    Streptococcus sanguinis, an abundant and benign inhabitant of the oral cavity, is an important etiologic agent of infective endocarditis (IE), particularly in people with predisposing cardiac valvular damage. Although commonly isolated from patients with IE, little is known about the factors that make any particular...

    Shannon P. Baker, Tara J. Nulton, Todd Kitten

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Infection and Immunity: 87 (1)

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volume 87, issue 1
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  • Pathogenic Mannheimia haemolytica Invades Differentiated Bovine Airway Epithelial Cells
  • Fitness Trade-Offs Resulting from Bacteriophage Resistance Potentiate Synergistic Antibacterial Strategies
  • An Ixodes scapularis Protein Disulfide Isomerase Contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi Colonization of the Vector
  • Success of Escherichia coli O25b:H4 Sequence Type 131 Clade C Associated with a Decrease in Virulence
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