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Table of Contents

October 2020; Volume 88,Issue 10

Editorial

  • Free
    The ASM Journals Committee Values the Contributions of Black Microbiologists
    Editorial
    The ASM Journals Committee Values the Contributions of Black Microbiologists
    Patrick D. Schloss, Melissa Junior, Rebecca Alvania, Cesar A. Arias, Andreas Baumler, Arturo Casadevall, Corrella Detweiler, Harold Drake, Jack Gilbert, Michael J. Imperiale, Susan Lovett, Stanley Maloy, Alexander J. McAdam, Irene L. G. Newton, Michael J. Sadowsky, Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin, Thomas J. Silhavy, Peter Tontonoz, Jo-Anne H. Young, Craig E. Cameron, Isaac Cann, A. Oveta Fuller, Ariangela J. Kozik

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Minireviews

  • Antibodies and Protection in Systemic <em>Salmonella</em> Infections: Do We Still Have More Questions than Answers?
    Minireview
    Antibodies and Protection in Systemic Salmonella Infections: Do We Still Have More Questions than Answers?

    Salmonella causes grave systemic infections in humans and other animals and provides a paradigm for other diseases in which the bacteria have both intracellular and extracellular lifestyles. New generations of vaccines rely on the essential contribution of the antibody responses for their protection. The quality, antigen specificity, and functions associated with...

    Pietro Mastroeni, Omar Rossi
  • The Great ESKAPE: Exploring the Crossroads of Bile and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens
    Minireview | Spotlight
    The Great ESKAPE: Exploring the Crossroads of Bile and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens

    Throughout the course of infection, many pathogens encounter bactericidal conditions that threaten the viability of the bacteria and impede the establishment of infection. Bile is one of the most innately bactericidal compounds present in humans, functioning to reduce the bacterial burden in the gastrointestinal tract while also aiding in digestion. It is becoming increasingly apparent that pathogens successfully resist the bactericidal...

    Kevin S. Gipson, Kourtney P. Nickerson, Eliana Drenkard, Alejandro Llanos-Chea, Snaha Krishna Dogiparthi, Bernard B. Lanter, Rhianna M. Hibbler, Lael M. Yonker, Bryan P. Hurley, Christina S. Faherty

Molecular Pathogenesis

  • Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation

    The cytolethal distending toxin B subunit (CdtB) induces significant cytotoxicity and inflammation in many cell types that are involved in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study tested the potential role of Rab small GTPase 5a (Rab5a) in the process. We tested mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and...

    Ming-xian Chen, Yu Chen, Rui Fu, Guo-qun Mao, Sai-yue Liu, Tang-biao Shen
  • Open Access
    Diffusible Signal Factors Act through AraC-Type Transcriptional Regulators as Chemical Cues To Repress Virulence of Enteric Pathogens
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Diffusible Signal Factors Act through AraC-Type Transcriptional Regulators as Chemical Cues To Repress Virulence of Enteric Pathogens

    Successful colonization by enteric pathogens is contingent upon effective interactions with the host and the resident microbiota. These pathogens thus respond to and integrate myriad signals to control virulence. Long-chain fatty acids repress the virulence of the important enteric pathogens Salmonella enterica and...

    Erick Maosa Bosire, Colleen R. Eade, Carl J. Schiltz, Amanda J. Reid, Jerry Troutman, Joshua S. Chappie, Craig Altier
  • Genome-Wide Mutagenesis Identifies Factors Involved in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Enterococcus faecalis</span> Vaginal Adherence and Persistence
    Molecular Pathogenesis | Spotlight
    Genome-Wide Mutagenesis Identifies Factors Involved in Enterococcus faecalis Vaginal Adherence and Persistence

    Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium native to the gastrointestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen of increasing clinical concern. E. faecalis also colonizes the female reproductive tract, and reports suggest vaginal colonization increases following antibiotic treatment...

    Norhan Alhajjar, Anushila Chatterjee, Brady L. Spencer, Lindsey R. Burcham, Julia L. E. Willett, Gary M. Dunny, Breck A. Duerkop, Kelly S. Doran
  • Generation and Characterization of Typhoid Toxin-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Generation and Characterization of Typhoid Toxin-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies

    Typhoid toxin is a virulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, and is thought to be responsible for the symptoms of severe disease. This toxin has a unique A2B5 architecture with two active subunits, the ADP ribosyl transferase PltA and the DNase CdtB, linked to a pentameric B subunit, which is alternatively made of...

    Xuyao Jiao, Sarah Smith, Gabrielle Stack, Qi Liang, Allan Bradley, Paul Kellam, Jorge E. Galán
  • The <em>Salmonella</em> LysR Family Regulator RipR Activates the SPI-13-Encoded Itaconate Degradation Cluster
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    The Salmonella LysR Family Regulator RipR Activates the SPI-13-Encoded Itaconate Degradation Cluster

    Itaconate is a dicarboxylic acid that inhibits the isocitrate lyase enzyme of the bacterial glyoxylate shunt. Activated macrophages have been shown to produce itaconate, suggesting that these immune cells may employ this metabolite as a weapon against invading bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro, itaconate can exhibit bactericidal effects under acidic conditions similar to the pH of a macrophage phagosome. In parallel...

    Steven J. Hersch, William Wiley Navarre
  • Suppression of Chlamydial Pathogenicity by Nonspecific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Suppression of Chlamydial Pathogenicity by Nonspecific CD8+ T Lymphocytes

    Chlamydia trachomatis, a leading infectious cause of tubal infertility, induces upper genital tract pathology, such as hydrosalpinx, which can be modeled with Chlamydia muridarum infection in mice. Following C. muridarum...

    Lingxiang Xie, Conghui He, Jianlin Chen, Lingli Tang, Zhiguang Zhou, Guangming Zhong
  • Phosphotransferase System Uptake and Metabolism of the β-Glucoside Salicin Impact Group A Streptococcal Bloodstream Survival and Soft Tissue Infection
    Molecular Pathogenesis | Spotlight
    Phosphotransferase System Uptake and Metabolism of the β-Glucoside Salicin Impact Group A Streptococcal Bloodstream Survival and Soft Tissue Infection

    Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]), a major human-specific pathogen, relies on efficient nutrient acquisition for successful infection within its host. The phosphotransferase system (PTS) couples the import of carbohydrates with their phosphorylation prior to metabolism and has been linked to GAS pathogenesis. In a screen of an insertional...

    Rezia Era Braza, Aliyah B. Silver, Ganesh S. Sundar, Sarah E. Davis, Afrooz Razi, Emrul Islam, Meaghan Hart, Jinyi Zhu, Yoann Le Breton, Kevin S. McIver
  • Antibody Binding and Complement-Mediated Killing of Invasive <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Haemophilus influenzae</span> Isolates from Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Antibody Binding and Complement-Mediated Killing of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands

    Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can be classified into typeable (types a through f) and nontypeable (NTHi) groups. This opportunistic pathogen asymptomatically colonizes the mucosal epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, from where it spreads to other neighboring regions, potentially leading to disease. Infection with NTHi can cause otitis...

    Elena Dudukina, Laura de Smit, Giel J. A. Verhagen, Arie van de Ende, José María Marimón, Paula Bajanca-Lavado, Carmen Ardanuy, Sara Marti, Marien I. de Jonge, Jeroen D. Langereis

Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions

  • Immunization against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Anaplasma phagocytophilum</span> Adhesin Binding Domains Confers Protection against Infection in the Mouse Model
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions | Spotlight
    Immunization against Anaplasma phagocytophilum Adhesin Binding Domains Confers Protection against Infection in the Mouse Model

    Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, a debilitating infection that can be fatal in the immunocompromised. It also afflicts animals, including dogs, horses, and sheep. No granulocytic anaplasmosis vaccine exists. Because A. phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium...

    Waheeda A. Naimi, Jacob J. Gumpf, Ryan S. Green, Jerilyn R. Izac, Matthew P. Zellner, Daniel H. Conrad, Richard T. Marconi, Rebecca K. Martin, Jason A. Carlyon
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Brucella abortus</span> and Pregnancy in Mice: Impact of Chronic Infection on Fertility and the Role of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Colonization
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Brucella abortus and Pregnancy in Mice: Impact of Chronic Infection on Fertility and the Role of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Colonization

    Stealthy intracellular bacterial pathogens are known to establish persistent and sometimes lifelong infections. Some of these pathogens also have a tropism for the reproductive system, thereby increasing the risk of reproductive disease and infertility. To date, the pathogenic mechanism involved remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Brucella abortus, a...

    Shakirat A. Adetunji, Denise L. Faustman, L. Garry Adams, Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez, Martha E. Hensel, Omar H. Khalaf, Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
  • Open Access
    Multiple <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Ehrlichia chaffeensis</span> Genes Critical for Its Persistent Infection in a Vertebrate Host Are Identified by Random Mutagenesis Coupled with <em>In Vivo</em> Infection Assessment
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions | Spotlight
    Multiple Ehrlichia chaffeensis Genes Critical for Its Persistent Infection in a Vertebrate Host Are Identified by Random Mutagenesis Coupled with In Vivo Infection Assessment

    Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted obligate intracellular rickettsial agent, causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. In recent reports, we described substantial advances in developing random and targeted gene disruption methods to investigate the functions of E. chaffeensis genes. We reported...

    Ying Wang, Arathy D. S. Nair, Andy Alhassan, Deborah C. Jaworski, Huitao Liu, Kathleen Trinkl, Paidashe Hove, Charan K. Ganta, Nicole Burkhardt, Ulrike G. Munderloh, Roman R. Ganta
  • Paracellular Pathway-Mediated <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</span> Migration across Porcine Airway Epithelial Barrier under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Paracellular Pathway-Mediated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Migration across Porcine Airway Epithelial Barrier under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions

    Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen of pigs that causes persistent and secondary infections. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. In this study, we established air-liquid interface culture systems for pig bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBECs) that were comparable to the conditions in the native bronchus in vivo...

    Haiyan Wang, Zhenzhen Zhang, Xing Xie, Beibei Liu, Yanna Wei, Yuan Gan, Ting Yuan, Bo Ni, Jia Wang, Lei Zhang, Qiyan Xiong, Guoqing Shao, Zhixin Feng

Bacterial Infections

  • The Novel Streptococcal Transcriptional Regulator XtgS Negatively Regulates Bacterial Virulence and Directly Represses PseP Transcription
    Bacterial Infections
    The Novel Streptococcal Transcriptional Regulator XtgS Negatively Regulates Bacterial Virulence and Directly Represses PseP Transcription

    Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) has received continuous attention for its involvement in invasive infections and its broad host range. Transcriptional regulators have an important impact on bacterial adaptation to various environments. Research on transcriptional regulators will shed new light on GBS pathogenesis. In this study, we identified a...

    Guangjin Liu, Tingting Gao, Xiaojun Zhong, Jiale Ma, Yumin Zhang, Shiyu Zhang, Zongfu Wu, Zihao Pan, Yinchu Zhu, Huochun Yao, Yongjie Liu, Chengping Lu
  • Genome-Wide Assessment of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus agalactiae</span> Genes Required for Survival in Human Whole Blood and Plasma
    Bacterial Infections
    Genome-Wide Assessment of Streptococcus agalactiae Genes Required for Survival in Human Whole Blood and Plasma

    Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, or GBS) is a common cause of bacteremia and sepsis in newborns, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients. The molecular mechanisms used by GBS to survive and proliferate in blood are not well understood. Here, using a highly virulent GBS strain and transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS), we...

    Luchang Zhu, Prasanti Yerramilli, Layne Pruitt, Matthew Ojeda Saavedra, Concepcion C. Cantu, Randall J. Olsen, Stephen B. Beres, Andrew S. Waller, James M. Musser
  • Leukocidins and the Nuclease Nuc Prevent Neutrophil-Mediated Killing of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Biofilms
    Bacterial Infections
    Leukocidins and the Nuclease Nuc Prevent Neutrophil-Mediated Killing of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

    Bacterial biofilms are linked with chronic infections and have properties distinct from those of planktonic, single-celled bacteria. The virulence mechanisms associated with Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are becoming better understood. Human neutrophils are critical for the innate immune response to S....

    Mohini Bhattacharya, Evelien T. M. Berends, Xuhui Zheng, Preston J. Hill, Rita Chan, Victor J. Torres, Daniel J. Wozniak
  • Colonization of the Murine Oropharynx by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> Is Governed by the Rgg2/3 Quorum Sensing System
    Bacterial Infections
    Colonization of the Murine Oropharynx by Streptococcus pyogenes Is Governed by the Rgg2/3 Quorum Sensing System

    Streptococcus pyogenes is a human-restricted pathogen most often found in the human nasopharynx. Multiple bacterial factors are known to contribute to persistent colonization of this niche, and many are important in mucosal immunity and vaccine development. In this work, mice were infected intranasally with transcriptional regulator mutants of the Rgg2/3 quorum...

    Artemis Gogos, Michael J. Federle

Host Response and Inflammation

  • Endocervical miRNA Expression Profiles in Women Positive for <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia trachomatis</span> with Clinical Signs and/or Symptoms Are Distinct from Those in Women Positive for <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Chlamydia trachomatis</span> without Signs and Symptoms
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Endocervical miRNA Expression Profiles in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis with Clinical Signs and/or Symptoms Are Distinct from Those in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis without Signs and Symptoms

    Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections that may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. No effective vaccine exists for Chlamydia, nor are there biomarkers available that readily predict disease progression. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we recruited symptomatic and asymptomatic women with...

    Teresa A. Batteiger, Nicole Spencer, Charity L. Washam, Stephanie Byrum, Michael Eledge, Byron E. Batteiger, Roger G. Rank, Laxmi Yeruva
  • Differential Induction of Type I and III Interferons by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Differential Induction of Type I and III Interferons by Staphylococcus aureus

    Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, and we have shown previously that type I interferon (IFN) contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we screened 75 S. aureus strains for their ability to induce type I and III IFN. Both cytokine pathways were...

    Adeline Peignier, Paul J. Planet, Dane Parker
  • Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Nasopharynx Requires Proinflammatory Signaling through the Interleukin-1 Receptor
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Nasopharynx Requires Proinflammatory Signaling through the Interleukin-1 Receptor

    Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the etiologic agent of numerous high-morbidity and high-mortality diseases. Infections are typically highly proinflammatory. During the invasive infection necrotizing fasciitis, this is in part due to the GAS protease SpeB directly activating interleukin-1β (IL-1β) independent of the canonical inflammasome pathway. The upper respiratory tract is the primary site for GAS colonization, infection,...

    Doris L. LaRock, Raedeen Russell, Anders F. Johnson, Shyra Wilde, Christopher N. LaRock
  • Open Access
    Low-Avidity Autoantibodies against Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Occur in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteremia
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Low-Avidity Autoantibodies against Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Occur in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteremia

    Antibody autoreactivity against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is strongly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis (BE), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined the pathogen-specific nature of this autoreactivity by examining antibodies to BPI in bacteremia patients....

    J. Theprungsirikul, J. T. Thaden, R. M. Wierzbicki, A. S. Burns, S. Skopelja-Gardner, V. G. Fowler, K. L. Winthrop, I. W. Martin, W. F. C. Rigby

Fungal and Parasitic Infections

  • Open Access
    Microscopic and Submicroscopic Asymptomatic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium falciparum</span> Infections in Ghanaian Children and Protection against Febrile Malaria
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Microscopic and Submicroscopic Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Ghanaian Children and Protection against Febrile Malaria

    Naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is thought to be nonsterile and sustained by persistence of low-level parasitemia. This study assessed the association between baseline microscopic and submicroscopic asymptomatic P. falciparum infections and antimalarial antibody levels...

    Bright Adu, Quratul-ain Issahaque, Tracy Sarkodie-Addo, Selassie Kumordjie, Eric Kyei-Baafour, Caleb K. Sinclear, Sophia Eyia-Ampah, Eunice Owusu-Yeboa, Michael Theisen, Daniel Dodoo
  • Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Entamoeba histolytica</span> Identifies Roles in Intercellular Communication That Regulates Parasite Growth and Development
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Entamoeba histolytica Identifies Roles in Intercellular Communication That Regulates Parasite Growth and Development

    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to transport lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to the external environment have important roles in cell-cell communication through cargo transfer. We identified and characterized EVs from Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite and a human pathogen. Conditioned medium from amebic parasites...

    Manu Sharma, Pedro Morgado, Hanbang Zhang, Gretchen Ehrenkaufer, Dipak Manna, Upinder Singh
  • Importance of the Immunodominant CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Epitope of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium berghei</span> Circumsporozoite Protein in Parasite- and Vaccine-Induced Protection
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Importance of the Immunodominant CD8+ T Cell Epitope of Plasmodium berghei Circumsporozoite Protein in Parasite- and Vaccine-Induced Protection

    The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) builds up the surface coat of sporozoites and is the leading malaria pre-erythrocytic-stage vaccine candidate. CSP has been shown to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses that are capable of eliminating developing parasites in hepatocytes, resulting in protective immunity. In this study, we characterized the importance of the immunodominant CSP-derived epitope SYIPSAEKI of...

    Matthew P. Gibbins, Katja Müller, Maya Glover, Jasmine Liu, Elyzana D. Putrianti, Karolis Bauza, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Kai Matuschewski, Olivier Silvie, Julius Clemence R. Hafalla

Microbial Immunity and Vaccines

  • Intratracheal Inoculation with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Brucella melitensis</span> in the Pregnant Guinea Pig Is an Improved Model for Reproductive Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines | Spotlight
    Intratracheal Inoculation with Brucella melitensis in the Pregnant Guinea Pig Is an Improved Model for Reproductive Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies

    Reproductive failure is the hallmark of brucellosis in animals. An uncommon but important complication in pregnant women who become acutely infected with Brucella melitensis is spontaneous pregnancy loss or vertical transmission to the fetus. Unfortunately, the mechanism behind reproductive failure is still obscure, partially due to the lack of a proper study model....

    Martha E. Hensel, Sankar P. Chaki, Lauren Stranahan, Anthony E. Gregory, Erin J. van Schaik, Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez, Omar Khalaf, James E. Samuel, Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
  • Vaccination with Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 Protein from <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> Can Enhance Survival of Mice during <em>C. tropicalis</em>-Mediated Systemic Candidiasis
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Vaccination with Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 Protein from Candida parapsilosis Can Enhance Survival of Mice during C. tropicalis-Mediated Systemic Candidiasis

    The rising incidence of non-albicans Candida species globally, along with the emergence of drug resistance, is a cause for concern. This study investigated the protective efficacy of secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 (Sap2) in systemic C. tropicalis infection. Vaccination with recombinant Sap2 (rSap2) protein from...

    Manisha Shukla, Soma Rohatgi
  • Open Access
    Comparative Study of Immunogenic Properties of Purified Capsular Polysaccharides from <em>Streptococcus suis</em> Serotypes 3, 7, 8, and 9: the Serotype 3 Polysaccharide Induces an Opsonizing IgG Response
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Comparative Study of Immunogenic Properties of Purified Capsular Polysaccharides from Streptococcus suis Serotypes 3, 7, 8, and 9: the Serotype 3 Polysaccharide Induces an Opsonizing IgG Response

    Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important swine pathogens and a zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are poorly immunogenic, but anti-CPS antibodies are essential to the host defense against encapsulated bacteria. In addition to the previously known serotypes 2 and 14, which...

    Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins, Jean-Philippe Auger, Dominic Dolbec, Evgeny Vinogradov, Masatoshi Okura, Daisuke Takamatsu, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, Marcelo Gottschalk, Mariela Segura

Host-Associated Microbial Communities

  • A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> <em>In Vitro</em>
    Host-Associated Microbial Communities
    A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus pyogenes In Vitro

    Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) in model systems mimicking the respiratory tract is poorly documented. Most studies have been conducted on abiotic surfaces, which poorly represent human tissues. We have previously shown that GAS forms mature and antibiotic-resistant biofilms on physiologically relevant epithelial cells....

    Feiruz Alamiri, Yashuan Chao, Maria Baumgarten, Kristian Riesbeck, Anders P. Hakansson
  • Open Access
    Niche- and Gender-Dependent Immune Reactions in Relation to the Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion
    Host-Associated Microbial Communities
    Niche- and Gender-Dependent Immune Reactions in Relation to the Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion

    Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common inflammatory disease that primarily affects children. OME is defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation of the middle ear (ME), without any signs of infection and with effusion persisting in the ME for more than 3 months. The precise pathogenesis is, however, not fully understood. Here, we comprehensively characterized and compared the host immune responses (inflammatory cells and mediators...

    Frida Enoksson, Alicia Ruiz Rodriguez, Chikondi Peno, Carlos Balcazar Lopez, Fredrik Tjernström, Debby Bogaert, Anders P. Hakansson, Caroline Bergenfelz

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Infection and Immunity: 88 (10)

In This Issue

volume 88, issue 10
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  • Pathogenic Mannheimia haemolytica Invades Differentiated Bovine Airway Epithelial Cells
  • Fitness Trade-Offs Resulting from Bacteriophage Resistance Potentiate Synergistic Antibacterial Strategies
  • An Ixodes scapularis Protein Disulfide Isomerase Contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi Colonization of the Vector
  • Success of Escherichia coli O25b:H4 Sequence Type 131 Clade C Associated with a Decrease in Virulence
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