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complement

  • Biting Off What Can Be Chewed: Trogocytosis in Health, Infection, and Disease
    Minireview
    Biting Off What Can Be Chewed: Trogocytosis in Health, Infection, and Disease

    Trogocytosis is part of an emerging, exciting theme of cell-cell interactions both within and between species, and it is relevant to host-pathogen interactions in many different contexts. Trogocytosis is a process in which one cell physically extracts and ingests “bites” of cellular material from another cell. It was first described in eukaryotic microbes, where it was uncovered as a mechanism by which amoebae kill cells. Trogocytosis...

    Akhila Bettadapur, Hannah W. Miller, Katherine S. Ralston
  • Opsonophagocytosis of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia pneumoniae</span> by Human Monocytes and Neutrophils
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Opsonophagocytosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae by Human Monocytes and Neutrophils

    The human respiratory tract pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae, which causes mild to severe infections, has been associated with the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. To understand the biology of C. pneumoniae infections, several studies have investigated the interaction between...

    Mads Lausen, Mathilde Selmar Pedersen, Nareen Sherzad Kader Rahman, Liv Therese Holm-Nielsen, Faduma Yahya Mohamed Farah, Gunna Christiansen, Svend Birkelund
  • Survival of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus suis</span> in Porcine Blood Is Limited by the Antibody- and Complement-Dependent Oxidative Burst Response of Granulocytes
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Survival of Streptococcus suis in Porcine Blood Is Limited by the Antibody- and Complement-Dependent Oxidative Burst Response of Granulocytes

    Bacteremia is a hallmark of invasive Streptococcus suis infections of pigs, often leading to septicemia, meningitis, or arthritis. An important defense mechanism of neutrophils is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we report high levels of ROS production by blood granulocytes after intravenous infection of a pig with high levels of...

    Viktoria Rungelrath, Sophie Öhlmann, Gottfried Alber, Wieland Schrödl, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, Nicole de Buhr, Alexander Martens, Christoph Georg Baums, Nicole Schütze
  • Open Access
    Antibodies Specific to Membrane Proteins Are Effective in Complement-Mediated Killing of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycoplasma bovis</span>
    Bacterial Infections
    Antibodies Specific to Membrane Proteins Are Effective in Complement-Mediated Killing of Mycoplasma bovis

    The metabolic inhibition (MI) test is a classic test for the identification of mycoplasmas, used for measuring the growth-inhibiting antibodies directed against acid-producing mycoplasmas, although their mechanism still remains obscure. To determine the major antigens involved in the immune killing of Mycoplasma bovis, we used a pulldown assay with anti-...

    Yun-ke Zhang, Xia Li, Hao-ran Zhao, Fei Jiang, Zhan-hui Wang, Wen-xue Wu
  • Persistent <em>Toxoplasma</em> Infection of the Brain Induced Neurodegeneration Associated with Activation of Complement and Microglia
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Persistent Toxoplasma Infection of the Brain Induced Neurodegeneration Associated with Activation of Complement and Microglia

    Toxoplasma gondii, a common neurotropic parasite, is increasingly being linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations are not clear. Toxoplasma can reside in the brain for extensive periods in the form of tissue cysts, and this...

    Ye Li, Emily G. Severance, Raphael P. Viscidi, Robert H. Yolken, Jianchun Xiao
  • Role of Gonococcal Neisserial Surface Protein A (NspA) in Serum Resistance and Comparison of Its Factor H Binding Properties with Those of Its Meningococcal Counterpart
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Role of Gonococcal Neisserial Surface Protein A (NspA) in Serum Resistance and Comparison of Its Factor H Binding Properties with Those of Its Meningococcal Counterpart

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, has evolved several mechanisms to subvert complement, including binding of the complement inhibitor factor H (FH). We previously reported FH binding to N. gonorrhoeae independently of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation.

    Lisa A. Lewis, Peter A. Rice, Sanjay Ram
  • The Pneumococcal Surface Proteins PspA and PspC Sequester Host C4-Binding Protein To Inactivate Complement C4b on the Bacterial Surface
    Host Response and Inflammation
    The Pneumococcal Surface Proteins PspA and PspC Sequester Host C4-Binding Protein To Inactivate Complement C4b on the Bacterial Surface

    Complement is a critical component of antimicrobial immunity. Various complement regulatory proteins prevent host cells from being attacked.

    Kashif S. Haleem, Youssif M. Ali, Hasan Yesilkaya, Thomas Kohler, Sven Hammerschmidt, Peter W. Andrew, Wilhelm J. Schwaeble, Nicholas J. Lynch
  • Depletion of Complement Enhances the Clearance of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Brucella abortus</span> in Mice
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Depletion of Complement Enhances the Clearance of Brucella abortus in Mice

    Brucellosis is a bacterial disease of animals and humans. Brucella abortus barely activates the innate immune system at the onset of infection, and this bacterium is resistant to the microbicidal action of complement.

    Gabriela González-Espinoza, Elías Barquero-Calvo, Esteban Lizano-González, Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón, Berny Arias-Gómez, Esteban Chaves-Olarte, Bruno Lomonte, Edgardo Moreno, Carlos Chacón-Díaz
  • Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions | Spotlight
    Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Renders the Bacterium Vulnerable to Host Defense

    Despite a century of investigation, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major human pathogen, causing a number of diseases, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Like many encapsulated pathogens, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. pneumoniae is a critical component for colonization...

    Dustin R. Middleton, Amy V. Paschall, Jeremy A. Duke, Fikri Y. Avci
  • Molecular Pathogenesis
    A Novel Sialylation Site on Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide Links Heptose II Lactose Expression with Pathogenicity

    Sialylation of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) extending from heptose I (HepI) of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) contributes to pathogenesis. Previously, gonococcal LOS sialyltransterase (Lst) was shown to sialylate LOS in Triton X-100 extracts of strain 15253, which expresses lactose from both HepI and HepII, the minimal structure required for monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2C7 binding.

    Sanjay Ram, Sunita Gulati, Lisa A. Lewis, Srinjoy Chakraborti, Bo Zheng, Rosane B. DeOliveira, George W. Reed, Andrew D. Cox, Jianjun Li, Frank St. Michael, Jacek Stupak, Xiao-Hong Su, Sudeshna Saha, Corinna S. Landig, Ajit Varki, Peter A. Rice

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