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Infection and Immunity
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cytokines

  • Open Access
    Nonlethal <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium yoelii</span> Infection Drives Complex Patterns of Th2-Type Host Immunity and Mast Cell-Dependent Bacteremia
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii Infection Drives Complex Patterns of Th2-Type Host Immunity and Mast Cell-Dependent Bacteremia

    Malaria strongly predisposes to bacteremia, which is associated with sequestration of parasitized red blood cells and increased gastrointestinal permeability. The mechanisms underlying this disruption are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the expression of factors associated with mast cell activation and malaria-associated bacteremia in a rodent model. C57BL/6J mice were infected with...

    Nora Céspedes, Erinn Donnelly, Sarah Garrison, Lori Haapanen, Judy Van De Water, Shirley Luckhart
  • Vaccination with Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 Protein from <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> Can Enhance Survival of Mice during <em>C. tropicalis</em>-Mediated Systemic Candidiasis
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Vaccination with Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 Protein from Candida parapsilosis Can Enhance Survival of Mice during C. tropicalis-Mediated Systemic Candidiasis

    The rising incidence of non-albicans Candida species globally, along with the emergence of drug resistance, is a cause for concern. This study investigated the protective efficacy of secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 (Sap2) in systemic C. tropicalis infection. Vaccination with recombinant Sap2 (rSap2) protein from...

    Manisha Shukla, Soma Rohatgi
  • Open Access
    Niche- and Gender-Dependent Immune Reactions in Relation to the Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion
    Host-Associated Microbial Communities
    Niche- and Gender-Dependent Immune Reactions in Relation to the Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion

    Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common inflammatory disease that primarily affects children. OME is defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation of the middle ear (ME), without any signs of infection and with effusion persisting in the ME for more than 3 months. The precise pathogenesis is, however, not fully understood. Here, we comprehensively characterized and compared the host immune responses (inflammatory cells and mediators...

    Frida Enoksson, Alicia Ruiz Rodriguez, Chikondi Peno, Carlos Balcazar Lopez, Fredrik Tjernström, Debby Bogaert, Anders P. Hakansson, Caroline Bergenfelz
  • The Ubiquitin-Modifying Enzyme A20 Terminates C-Type Lectin Receptor Signals and Is a Suppressor of Host Defense against Systemic Fungal Infection
    Host Response and Inflammation
    The Ubiquitin-Modifying Enzyme A20 Terminates C-Type Lectin Receptor Signals and Is a Suppressor of Host Defense against Systemic Fungal Infection

    C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) play key roles in antifungal defense. CLR-induced NF-κB is central to CLR functions in immunity, and thus, molecules that control the amplitude of CLR-induced NF-κB could profoundly influence host defense against fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the mechanisms that negatively regulate CLR-induced NF-κB, and molecules which act on the CLR family broadly and which directly regulate acute CLR-...

    Jie Liang, Junyi J. Zhang, Hsin-I Huang, Masashi Kanayama, Nourhan Youssef, Yingai J. Jin, Estefany Y. Reyes, Clare L. Abram, Shigao Yang, Clifford A. Lowell, Donghai Wang, Ling Shao, Mari L. Shinohara, Jennifer Y. Zhang, Gianna Elena Hammer
  • Differential Interactions of Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Complement Proteins with Conidia of Airborne Fungal Pathogen <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Differential Interactions of Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Complement Proteins with Conidia of Airborne Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

    Even though both cellular and humoral immunities contribute to host defense, the role played by humoral immunity against the airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been underexplored. In this study, we aimed at deciphering the role of the complement system, the major humoral immune component, against...

    Sarah Sze Wah Wong, Irene Daniel, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Jeya Maheshwari Jayapal, Hélène Guegan, Sarah Dellière, Prajna Lalitha, Rajashri Shende, Taruna Madan, Jagadeesh Bayry, J. Iñaki Guijarro, Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu, Vishukumar Aimanianda
  • <em>mcr-1</em> Gene Expression Modulates the Inflammatory Response of Human Macrophages to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Host Response and Inflammation
    mcr-1 Gene Expression Modulates the Inflammatory Response of Human Macrophages to Escherichia coli

    MCR-1 is a plasmid-encoded phosphoethanolamine transferase able to modify the lipid A structure. It confers resistance to colistin and was isolated from human, animal, and environmental strains of Enterobacteriaceae, raising serious global health concerns. In this paper, we used recombinant mcr-1-expressing Escherichia coli to study the impact of MCR...

    Giorgio Mattiuz, Sabrina Nicolò, Alberto Antonelli, Tommaso Giani, Ilaria Baccani, Antonio Cannatelli, Ann Maria Clemente, Giuseppe Castronovo, Michele Tanturli, Federico Cozzolino, Gian Maria Rossolini, Maria Gabriella Torcia
  • Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Increases Pulmonary Neutrophil Infiltration, Tissue Damage, and Sepsis in a Murine Model of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> Pneumonia
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Increases Pulmonary Neutrophil Infiltration, Tissue Damage, and Sepsis in a Murine Model of Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia

    Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important etiological agent of hospital-related infections, especially nosocomial pneumonia. The virulence factors of this bacterium and their interactions with the cells and molecules of the immune system just recently began to be extensively studied. Here, we investigated the impact of alveolar macrophages on...

    Hiu Ham Lee, Lilit Aslanyan, Arjun Vidyasagar, Melissa B. Brennan, Maxine S. Tauber, Maria A. Carrillo-Sepulveda, Michael R. Dores, Nathan W. Rigel, Luis R. Martinez
  • Open Access
    Atypical <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovars in Murine and Human Macrophage Infection Models
    Bacterial Infections
    Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovars in Murine and Human Macrophage Infection Models

    Nontyphoidal Salmonella species are globally disseminated pathogens and are the predominant cause of gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of salmonellosis has been extensively studied using in vivo murine models and cell lines, typically challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Although...

    Daniel Hurley, Maria Hoffmann, Tim Muruvanda, Marc W. Allard, Eric W. Brown, Marta Martins, Séamus Fanning
  • Modulation of Death and Inflammatory Signaling in Decidual Stromal Cells following Exposure to Group B <em>Streptococcus</em>
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Modulation of Death and Inflammatory Signaling in Decidual Stromal Cells following Exposure to Group B Streptococcus

    Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that contributes to miscarriage, preterm birth, and serious neonatal infections. Studies have indicated that some multilocus sequence types (STs) of GBS are more likely to cause severe disease than others. We hypothesized that the ability of GBS to elicit varying host responses in maternal decidual tissue during pregnancy is an important factor regulating...

    Rebecca A. Flaherty, Maja Magel, David M. Aronoff, Jennifer A. Gaddy, Margaret G. Petroff, Shannon D. Manning
  • Interaction of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Gardnerella vaginalis</span> and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium

    Studies have implicated Gardnerella vaginalis as an important etiological agent in bacterial vaginosis (BV). It produces a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, vaginolysin (VLY).

    Erin M. Garcia, Vita Kraskauskiene, Jennifer E. Koblinski, Kimberly K. Jefferson

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