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cytotoxicity

  • Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation

    The cytolethal distending toxin B subunit (CdtB) induces significant cytotoxicity and inflammation in many cell types that are involved in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study tested the potential role of Rab small GTPase 5a (Rab5a) in the process. We tested mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and...

    Ming-xian Chen, Yu Chen, Rui Fu, Guo-qun Mao, Sai-yue Liu, Tang-biao Shen
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Achromobacter xylosoxidans</span> Cellular Pathology Is Correlated with Activation of a Type III Secretion System
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Achromobacter xylosoxidans Cellular Pathology Is Correlated with Activation of a Type III Secretion System

    Achromobacter xylosoxidans is increasingly recognized as a colonizer of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but the role that A. xylosoxidans plays in pathology remains unknown. This knowledge gap is largely due to the lack of model systems available to study the toxic potential of this bacterium....

    Adam M. Pickrum, Orlando DeLeon, Aaron Dirck, Maxx H. Tessmer, Molly O. Riegert, Julie A. Biller, Nathan A. Ledeboer, John R. Kirby, Dara W. Frank
  • <em>Salmonella enterica</em> Effectors SifA, SpvB, SseF, SseJ, and SteA Contribute to Type III Secretion System 1-Independent Inflammation in a Streptomycin-Pretreated Mouse Model of Colitis
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Salmonella enterica Effectors SifA, SpvB, SseF, SseJ, and SteA Contribute to Type III Secretion System 1-Independent Inflammation in a Streptomycin-Pretreated Mouse Model of Colitis

    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) induces inflammatory changes in the ceca of streptomycin-pretreated mice. In this mouse model of colitis, the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS-1) has been shown to induce rapid inflammatory change in the cecum at early points, 10 to 24 h after infection. Five proteins, SipA, SopA, SopB, SopD, and SopE2...

    Shigeki Matsuda, Takeshi Haneda, Hiyori Saito, Tsuyoshi Miki, Nobuhiko Okada
  • Retention of EsxA in the Capsule-Like Layer of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Is Associated with Cytotoxicity and Is Counteracted by Lung Surfactant
    Bacterial Infections
    Retention of EsxA in the Capsule-Like Layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Associated with Cytotoxicity and Is Counteracted by Lung Surfactant

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, primarily infects macrophages but withstands the host cell’s bactericidal effects. EsxA, also called virulence factor 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6), is involved in phagosomal rupture and cell death.

    Johanna Raffetseder, Nino Iakobachvili, Vesa Loitto, Peter J. Peters, Maria Lerm
  • Granzyme B Is an Essential Mediator in CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Killing of <em>Theileria parva</em>-Infected Cells
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines
    Granzyme B Is an Essential Mediator in CD8+ T Cell Killing of Theileria parva-Infected Cells

    There is established evidence that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important mediators of immunity against the bovine intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva. However, the mechanism by which the specific CD8+ T cells kill parasitized cells is not understood.

    Jie Yang, Alan Pemberton, W. Ivan Morrison, Tim Connelley
  • Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions | Spotlight
    Cytosolic Delivery of Multidomain Cargos by the N Terminus of Pasteurella multocida Toxin

    The zoonotic pathogen Pasteurella multocida produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT) that enters host cells and manipulates intracellular signaling through action on its Gα protein targets. The N terminus of PMT (PMT-N) mediates cellular uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by the delivery of the C-terminal catalytic domain from acidic endosomes into...

    Nathan C. Clemons, Yuka Bannai, Elizabeth E. Haywood, Yiting Xu, James D. Buschbach, Mengfei Ho, Brenda A. Wilson
  • Host Response and Inflammation
    Acquired Protective Immunity in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar against the Myxozoan Kudoa thyrsites Involves Induction of MHIIβ+ CD83+ Antigen-Presenting Cells
    Laura M. Braden, Karina J. Rasmussen, Sara L. Purcell, Lauren Ellis, Amelia Mahony, Steven Cho, Shona K. Whyte, Simon R. M. Jones, Mark D. Fast
  • Host Response and Inflammation
    Downmodulation of Effector Functions in NK Cells upon Toxoplasma gondii Infection
    M. Afifa Sultana, Ann Du, Berit Carow, Catrine M. Angbjär, Jessica M. Weidner, Sachie Kanatani, Jonas M. Fuks, Tamara Muliaditan, Jaime James, Imogen O. Mansfield, Tessa M. Campbell, Lifeng Liu, Nadir Kadri, Henrik Lambert, Antonio Barragan, Benedict J. Chambers
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