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Escherichia coli

  • Open Access
    Success of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> O25b:H4 Sequence Type 131 Clade C Associated with a Decrease in Virulence
    Bacterial Infections
    Success of Escherichia coli O25b:H4 Sequence Type 131 Clade C Associated with a Decrease in Virulence

    Escherichia coli O25b:H4 sequence type 131 (ST131), which is resistant to fluoroquinolones and which is a producer of CTX-M-15, is globally one of the major extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) lineages. Phylogenetic analyses showed that multidrug-resistant ST131 strains belong to clade C,...

    Marion Duprilot, Alexandra Baron, François Blanquart, Sara Dion, Cassandra Pouget, Philippe Lettéron, Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon, Olivier Clermont, Erick Denamur, Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine
  • Aggregative Adherence Fimbriae II of Enteroaggregative <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Are Required for Adherence and Barrier Disruption during Infection of Human Colonoids
    Bacterial Infections
    Aggregative Adherence Fimbriae II of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Are Required for Adherence and Barrier Disruption during Infection of Human Colonoids

    Symptomatic and asymptomatic infection with the diarrheal pathogen enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is associated with growth faltering in children in developing settings. The mechanism of this association is unknown, emphasizing a need for better understanding of the interactions between EAEC and the human gastrointestinal mucosa. In this study, we...

    Laura A. Gonyar, Rachel M. Smith, Jorge A. Giron, Nicholas C. Zachos, Fernando Ruiz-Perez, James P. Nataro
  • A Rare Opportunist, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, Decreases Severity of Polymicrobial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
    Bacterial Infections | Spotlight
    A Rare Opportunist, Morganella morganii, Decreases Severity of Polymicrobial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

    Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are common hospital-acquired infections and frequently polymicrobial, which complicates effective treatment. However, few studies experimentally address the consequences of polymicrobial interactions within the urinary tract, and the clinical significance of polymicrobial bacteriuria is not fully understood.

    Brian S. Learman, Aimee L. Brauer, Kathryn A. Eaton, Chelsie E. Armbruster
  • Bimodal Response to Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes Results from Relatively Weak Binding to the Target Cell
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Bimodal Response to Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes Results from Relatively Weak Binding to the Target Cell

    There are two major antigenic forms of Shiga toxin (Stx), Stx1 and Stx2, which bind the same receptor and act on the same target but nonetheless differ in potency. Stx1a is more toxic to cultured cells, but Stx2 subtypes are more potent in animal models. To understand this phenomenon in cultured cells, we used a system that combines flow cytometry with a fluorescent reporter to monitor the Stx-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in...

    Patrick Cherubin, Dennis Fidler, Beatriz Quiñones, Ken Teter
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Entamoeba histolytica</span> Interaction with Enteropathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Escherichia coli</span> Increases Parasite Virulence and Inflammation in Amebiasis
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Entamoeba histolytica Interaction with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Increases Parasite Virulence and Inflammation in Amebiasis

    Epidemiological studies suggest frequent association of enteropathogenic bacteria with Entamoeba histolytica during symptomatic infection. In this study, we sought to determine if the interaction with enteropathogenic (EPEC) or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (strain DH5α) could modify the virulence...

    Luz A. Fernández-López, Karla Gil-Becerril, Silvia Galindo-Gómez, Teresa Estrada-García, Cecilia Ximénez, Aralia Leon-Coria, France Moreau, Kris Chadee, Víctor Tsutsumi
  • Taming the Beast: Interplay between Gut Small Molecules and Enteric Pathogens
    Minireview
    Taming the Beast: Interplay between Gut Small Molecules and Enteric Pathogens

    The overuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria that are becoming increasingly dangerous to human health. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause at least 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths in the United States annually. Traditionally, antibiotics are bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents that place selective pressure on bacteria, leading to the...

    Aman Kumar, Melissa Ellermann, Vanessa Sperandio
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Microcompartment-Mediated Ethanolamine Metabolism in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Urinary Tract Infection
    Bacterial Infections
    Bacterial Microcompartment-Mediated Ethanolamine Metabolism in Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection

    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and in general are caused by intestinal uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ascending via the urethra. Microcompartment-mediated catabolism of ethanolamine, a host cell breakdown product, fuels the competitive overgrowth of intestinal E. coli, both...

    Katherine Dadswell, Sinead Creagh, Edward McCullagh, Mingzhi Liang, Ian R. Brown, Martin J. Warren, Alan McNally, John MacSharry, Michael B. Prentice
  • Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 Sensitizes Rat Pups to Systemic Infection with the Neonatal Pathogen <em>Escherichia coli</em> K1
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 Sensitizes Rat Pups to Systemic Infection with the Neonatal Pathogen Escherichia coli K1

    Gastrointestinal (GI) colonization of 2-day-old (P2) rat pups with Escherichia coli K1 results in translocation of the colonizing bacteria across the small intestine, bacteremia, and invasion of the meninges, with animals frequently succumbing to lethal infection. Infection, but not colonization, is strongly age dependent; pups become progressively less susceptible to...

    Alex J. McCarthy, George M. H. Birchenough, Peter W. Taylor
  • Open Access
    Shiga Toxin Type 1a (Stx1a) Reduces the Toxicity of the More Potent Stx2a <em>In Vivo</em> and <em>In Vitro</em>
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Shiga Toxin Type 1a (Stx1a) Reduces the Toxicity of the More Potent Stx2a In Vivo and In Vitro

    Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes foodborne outbreaks of bloody diarrhea. There are two major types of immunologically distinct Stxs: Stx1a and Stx2a.

    Courtney D. Petro, Eszter Trojnar, James Sinclair, Zhi-Mei Liu, Mark Smith, Alison D. O’Brien, Angela Melton-Celsa
  • Diffusely Adherent <em>Escherichia coli</em> Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory Substances
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory Substances

    Diarrheagenicity of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) remains controversial. Previously, we found that motile DAEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients induced high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).

    Yoshihiko Tanimoto, Sayaka Tamai, Takehiro Matsuzaki, Narumi Takeuchi, Takumi Noju, Saki Yanagida, Eriko Kage-Nakadai, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Toshio Kodama, Shota Nakamura, Daisuke Motooka, Tetsuya Iida, Yoshikazu Nishikawa

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