gastrointestinal infection
Molecular PathogenesisBile Salts Differentially Enhance Resistance of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Host Defense PeptidesDuring passage through the human gastrointestinal tract, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is exposed to membrane-damaging bile in the small intestine. We previously reported that EHEC treatment with a physiological bile salt mixture upregulates basRS, encoding a two-component system, and arnBCADTEF, encoding the aminoarabinose lipid A...
Host Response and Inflammation | SpotlightSecretion of c-di-AMP by Listeria monocytogenes Leads to a STING-Dependent Antibacterial Response during EnterocolitisStimulator of interferon genes (STING) acts as a cytoplasmic signaling hub of innate immunity that is activated by host-derived or bacterially derived cyclic dinucleotides. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne, facultative intracellular pathogen that secretes c-di-AMP and activates STING, yet the in vivo role of the STING pathway during bacterial...
MinireviewNeural Immune Communication in the Control of Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions in the Gastrointestinal TractThe orchestration of host immune responses to enteric bacterial pathogens is a complex process involving the integration of numerous signals, including from the nervous system. Despite the recent progress in understanding the contribution of neuroimmune interactions in the regulation of inflammation, the mechanisms and effects of this communication during enteric bacterial infection are only beginning to be characterized. As part of...
Molecular Pathogenesis | SpotlightEnterococcus faecalis Manganese Exporter MntE Alleviates Manganese Toxicity and Is Required for Mouse Gastrointestinal ColonizationBacterial pathogens encounter a variety of nutritional environments in the human host, including nutrient metal restriction and overload. Uptake of manganese (Mn) is essential for Enterococcus faecalis growth and virulence; however, it is not known how this organism prevents Mn toxicity. In this study, we examine the role of the highly conserved MntE transporter in...
Host Response and Inflammation | SpotlightAging Dampens the Intestinal Innate Immune Response during Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection and Is Associated with Altered Cytokine Levels and Granulocyte MobilizationClostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection, and advanced age is a risk factor for C. difficile infection. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota and immune responses contribute to host susceptibility and severity of C...
Host Response and InflammationDiffusely Adherent Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory SubstancesDiarrheagenicity of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) remains controversial. Previously, we found that motile DAEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients induced high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).
- Microbial Immunity and VaccinesNonpathogenic Colonization with Chlamydia in the Gastrointestinal Tract as Oral Vaccination for Inducing Transmucosal Protection