inflammation
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsLeishmania donovani Lipophosphoglycan Increases Macrophage-Dependent Chemotaxis of CXCR6-Expressing Cells via CXCL16 InductionCXCL16 is a multifunctional chemokine that is highly expressed by macrophages and other immune cells in response to bacterial and viral pathogens; however, little is known regarding the role of CXCL16 during parasitic infections. The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis.
Host Response and InflammationImmunologic Pathways in Protective versus Maladaptive Host Responses to Attenuated and Pathogenic Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticumMycoplasmas are small bacterial commensals or pathogens that commonly colonize host mucosal tissues and avoid rapid clearance, in part by stimulating inflammatory, immunopathogenic responses. We previously characterized a wide array of transcriptomic perturbations in avian host tracheal mucosae infected with virulent, immunopathologic Mycoplasma gallisepticum; however...
Host Response and InflammationToll-like Receptor 2 Prevents Neutrophil-Driven Immunopathology during Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Curtailing CXCL5 ProductionThe W-Beijing strain family is globally distributed and is associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and treatment failure. Therefore, in this study, we examined the contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878, a clinical isolate belonging to the W-Beijing family.
Host Response and InflammationDiffusely Adherent Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Carriers Suppress Cytokine Secretions of Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Inflammatory SubstancesDiarrheagenicity of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) remains controversial. Previously, we found that motile DAEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients induced high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).
Host Response and InflammationProbiotic Exopolysaccharide Protects against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection, Inducing Dual-Functioning Macrophages That Restrict Bacterial Growth and Limit InflammationStaphylococcus aureus causes severe systemic infection with high mortality rates. We previously identified exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, that induces anti-inflammatory macrophages with an M2 phenotype and protects mice from...
Host-Associated Microbial CommunitiesTreatment of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis with Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Inhibitor MI-2 Is Associated with Restoration of Gut Immune Function and the MicrobiotaDisruption of the healthy intestinal microbiome and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system, which are closely interactive, are two key factors for ulcerative colitis. Here, we show that MI-2, a selective inhibitor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation-1 (MALT1), alleviated excessive inflammatory responses and was associated with restoration of healthy intestinal microbiome in mice suffering from dextran...
- Molecular PathogenesisMethylthioadenosine Suppresses Salmonella Virulence
In order to deploy virulence factors at appropriate times and locations, microbes must rapidly sense and respond to various metabolite signals. Previously, we showed a transient elevation of the methionine-derived metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) concentration in serum during systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.
- Host Response and InflammationReduction of Articular and Systemic Inflammation by Kava-241 in a Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Arthritis Murine Model
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that has been linked to several risk factors, including periodontitis. Identification of new anti-inflammatory compounds to treat arthritis is needed.
- Host Response and InflammationInterleukin-17A Exacerbates Disease Severity in BALB/c Mice Susceptible to Lung Infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis
Mycoplasmas are atypical bacteria that disrupt the immune response to promote respiratory tract infections and secondary complications. However, not every immunologic response that protects or damages the host during mycoplasma infection is known.
- Bacterial InfectionsSpecific Binding to Differentially Expressed Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Determines the Outcome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections along the Female Reproductive Tract
The gonococcal Opa proteins are an antigenically variable family of surface adhesins that bind human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), CEACAM3, CEACAM5, and/or CEACAM6, cell surface glycoproteins that are differentially expressed on a broad spectrum of human cells and tissues. While they are presumed to be important for infection, the significance of various Opa-CEACAM-mediated cellular interactions in...