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Infection and Immunity
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innate immunity

  • Efficient 5-OP-RU-Induced Enrichment of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Murine Lung Does Not Enhance Control of Aerosol <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Infection
    Microbial Immunity and Vaccines | Spotlight
    Efficient 5-OP-RU-Induced Enrichment of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Murine Lung Does Not Enhance Control of Aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

    Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset in mammals that recognize microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)-related molecule, MR1. Emerging data suggest that MAIT cells may be an attractive target for vaccine-induced protection against bacterial infections because of their rapid cytotoxic responses at mucosal services to...

    Charles Kyriakos Vorkas, Olivier Levy, Miroslav Skular, Kelin Li, Jeffrey Aubé, Michael S. Glickman
  • Identification of Autophagy-Inhibiting Factors of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> by High-Throughput Loss-of-Function Screening
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Identification of Autophagy-Inhibiting Factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by High-Throughput Loss-of-Function Screening

    The interaction of host cells with mycobacteria is complex and can lead to multiple outcomes ranging from bacterial clearance to progressive or latent infection. Autophagy is recognized as one component of host cell responses that has an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity to intracellular bacteria. Many microbes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have...

    Emily J. Strong, Kristen L. Jurcic Smith, Neeraj K. Saini, Tony W. Ng, Steven A. Porcelli, Sunhee Lee
  • Secretion of c-di-AMP by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Listeria monocytogenes</span> Leads to a STING-Dependent Antibacterial Response during Enterocolitis
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Secretion of c-di-AMP by Listeria monocytogenes Leads to a STING-Dependent Antibacterial Response during Enterocolitis

    Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) acts as a cytoplasmic signaling hub of innate immunity that is activated by host-derived or bacterially derived cyclic dinucleotides. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne, facultative intracellular pathogen that secretes c-di-AMP and activates STING, yet the in vivo role of the STING pathway during bacterial...

    Alexander Louie, Varaang Bhandula, Daniel A. Portnoy
  • Progressive Control of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus agalactiae</span>-Induced Innate Inflammatory Response Is Associated with Time Course Expression of MicroRNA-223 by Neutrophils
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Progressive Control of Streptococcus agalactiae-Induced Innate Inflammatory Response Is Associated with Time Course Expression of MicroRNA-223 by Neutrophils

    Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a human-pathogenic bacterium inducing a strong inflammatory response that may be detrimental for host tissues if not finely regulated. The inflammatory response can be modulated by different molecular mechanisms, among which growing evidence points toward the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs). Regarding innate inflammatory response, studies have reported that miR-223 is essential for the control of...

    Maud Deny, Marta Romano, Olivier Denis, Georges Casimir, Mustapha Chamekh
  • The Ubiquitin-Modifying Enzyme A20 Terminates C-Type Lectin Receptor Signals and Is a Suppressor of Host Defense against Systemic Fungal Infection
    Host Response and Inflammation
    The Ubiquitin-Modifying Enzyme A20 Terminates C-Type Lectin Receptor Signals and Is a Suppressor of Host Defense against Systemic Fungal Infection

    C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) play key roles in antifungal defense. CLR-induced NF-κB is central to CLR functions in immunity, and thus, molecules that control the amplitude of CLR-induced NF-κB could profoundly influence host defense against fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the mechanisms that negatively regulate CLR-induced NF-κB, and molecules which act on the CLR family broadly and which directly regulate acute CLR-...

    Jie Liang, Junyi J. Zhang, Hsin-I Huang, Masashi Kanayama, Nourhan Youssef, Yingai J. Jin, Estefany Y. Reyes, Clare L. Abram, Shigao Yang, Clifford A. Lowell, Donghai Wang, Ling Shao, Mari L. Shinohara, Jennifer Y. Zhang, Gianna Elena Hammer
  • Innate Effector Systems in Primary Human Macrophages Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> to Antibiotics
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Innate Effector Systems in Primary Human Macrophages Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to Antibiotics

    Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Thus, alternative strategies to control the growth of MDR Klebsiella are warranted. We hypothesized that activation of innate effector systems could sensitize MDR K. pneumoniae to conventional antibiotics. Thus, human primary...

    Rokeya Sultana Rekha, Harpa Karadottir, Sultan Ahmed, Gudmundur H. Gudmundsson, Birgitta Agerberth, Peter Bergman
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium abscessus</span> Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Mycobacterium abscessus Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy

    Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasingly prevalent in chronic lung disease, including cystic fibrosis, and infections are characterized by neutrophil-dominated environments. However, mechanisms of immune control are poorly understood. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with immunomodulatory effects, is used to treat...

    Kerstin Pohl, Xue A. Grimm, Silvia M. Caceres, Katie R. Poch, Noel Rysavy, Milene Saavedra, Jerry A. Nick, Kenneth C. Malcolm
  • Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Required for Endometrial Resistance to <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> Infection
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Required for Endometrial Resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

    In some women, sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis may ascend to infect the endometrium, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease. To identify endometrial innate immune components that interact with Chlamydia, we introduced C. trachomatis into mouse endometrium via transcervical...

    Hong Xu, Xin Su, Yujie Zhao, Lingli Tang, Jianlin Chen, Guangming Zhong
  • Aging Dampens the Intestinal Innate Immune Response during Severe <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Infection and Is Associated with Altered Cytokine Levels and Granulocyte Mobilization
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Aging Dampens the Intestinal Innate Immune Response during Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection and Is Associated with Altered Cytokine Levels and Granulocyte Mobilization

    Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection, and advanced age is a risk factor for C. difficile infection. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota and immune responses contribute to host susceptibility and severity of C...

    Lisa Abernathy-Close, Michael G. Dieterle, Kimberly C. Vendrov, Ingrid L. Bergin, Krishna Rao, Vincent B. Young
  • Immediate Interferon Gamma Induction Determines Murine Host Compatibility Differences between <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Neospora caninum</span>
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Immediate Interferon Gamma Induction Determines Murine Host Compatibility Differences between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum

    Rodents are critical for the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to the definitive feline host via predation, and this relationship has been extensively studied as a model for immune responses to parasites. Neospora caninum is a closely related coccidian parasite of ruminants and canines but is not...

    Rachel S. Coombs, Matthew L. Blank, Elizabeth D. English, Yaw Adomako-Ankomah, Ifeanyi-Chukwu Samuel Urama, Andrew T. Martin, Felix Yarovinsky, Jon P. Boyle

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