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peptidoglycan

  • Outer Membrane Lipid Secretion and the Innate Immune Response to Gram-Negative Bacteria
    Minireview
    Outer Membrane Lipid Secretion and the Innate Immune Response to Gram-Negative Bacteria

    The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that consists of inner leaflet phospholipids and outer leaflet lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The asymmetric character and unique biochemistry of LPS molecules contribute to the OM’s ability to function as a molecular permeability barrier that protects the bacterium against hazards in the environment. Assembly and regulation of the OM have been extensively...

    Nicole P. Giordano, Melina B. Cian, Zachary D. Dalebroux
  • The Nature of Antibacterial Adaptive Immune Responses against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Is Dependent on the Growth Phase and Extracellular Peptidoglycan
    Host Response and Inflammation
    The Nature of Antibacterial Adaptive Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus Is Dependent on the Growth Phase and Extracellular Peptidoglycan

    Staphylococcus aureus has evolved different strategies to evade the immune response, which play an important role in its pathogenesis. The bacteria express and shed various cell wall components and toxins during different stages of growth that may affect the protective T cell responses to extracellular and intracellular...

    Payal P. Balraadjsing, Lisbeth D. Lund, Yuri Souwer, Sebastian A. J. Zaat, Hanne Frøkiær, Esther C. de Jong
  • The Ser/Thr Kinase PrkC Participates in Cell Wall Homeostasis and Antimicrobial Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span>
    Bacterial Infections
    The Ser/Thr Kinase PrkC Participates in Cell Wall Homeostasis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium difficile

    Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. During infection, C. difficile must detect the host environment and induce an appropriate survival strategy. Signal transduction networks involving serine/threonine kinases (STKs) play key roles in adaptation, as...

    Elodie Cuenot, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Thibaut Douche, Olivier Gorgette, Pascal Courtin, Sandrine Denis-Quanquin, Sandra Hoys, Yannick D. N. Tremblay, Mariette Matondo, Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier, Claire Janoir, Bruno Dupuy, Thomas Candela, Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
  • <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> PBP3 and PBP4 Facilitate NOD1 Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragment Release and Survival in Stationary Phase
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Neisseria gonorrhoeae PBP3 and PBP4 Facilitate NOD1 Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragment Release and Survival in Stationary Phase

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases peptidoglycan fragments during growth, and these molecules induce an inflammatory response in the human host. The proinflammatory molecules include peptidoglycan monomers, peptidoglycan dimers, and free peptides.

    Ryan E. Schaub, Krizia M. Perez-Medina, Kathleen T. Hackett, Daniel L. Garcia, Joseph P. Dillard
  • Molecular Pathogenesis
    Identification of the Chromosomal Region Essential for Serovar-Specific Antigen and Virulence of Serovar 1 and 2 Strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

    Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas, an infection characterized by acute septicemia or chronic endocarditis and polyarthritis. Among 17 E. rhusiopathiae serovars, determined based on heat-stable peptidoglycan antigens, serovars 1 and 2 are most commonly associated with the disease;...

    Yohsuke Ogawa, Kazumasa Shiraiwa, Sayaka Nishikawa, Masahiro Eguchi, Yoshihiro Shimoji
  • Open Access
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Serum Amyloid P and IgG Exhibit Differential Capabilities in the Activation of the Innate Immune System in Response to Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan
    Alanson W. Girton, Narcis I. Popescu, Ravi S. Keshari, Tarea Burgett, Florea Lupu, K. Mark Coggeshall
  • Bacterial Infections
    The Predicted Lytic Transglycosylase HpaH from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Associates with the Type III Secretion System and Promotes Effector Protein Translocation
    Jens Hausner, Nadine Hartmann, Michael Jordan, Daniela Büttner
  • Molecular Pathogenesis
    Peptidoglycan Deacetylation in Helicobacter pylori Contributes to Bacterial Survival by Mitigating Host Immune Responses
    Ge Wang, Susan E. Maier, Leja F. Lo, George Maier, Shruti Dosi, Robert J. Maier
  • Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Helicobacter pylori Exploits Cholesterol-Rich Microdomains for Induction of NF-κB-Dependent Responses and Peptidoglycan Delivery in Epithelial Cells
    Melanie L. Hutton, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos, Lorinda Turner, Ana Cardona, Terry Kwok, Richard L. Ferrero
  • Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan Requires Phagocytosis and Lysosomal Trafficking
    Janaki K. Iyer, Taruna Khurana, Marybeth Langer, Christopher M. West, Jimmy D. Ballard, Jordan P. Metcalf, Tod J. Merkel, K. Mark Coggeshall

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