peptidoglycan
MinireviewOuter Membrane Lipid Secretion and the Innate Immune Response to Gram-Negative BacteriaThe outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that consists of inner leaflet phospholipids and outer leaflet lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The asymmetric character and unique biochemistry of LPS molecules contribute to the OM’s ability to function as a molecular permeability barrier that protects the bacterium against hazards in the environment. Assembly and regulation of the OM have been extensively...
Host Response and InflammationThe Nature of Antibacterial Adaptive Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus Is Dependent on the Growth Phase and Extracellular PeptidoglycanStaphylococcus aureus has evolved different strategies to evade the immune response, which play an important role in its pathogenesis. The bacteria express and shed various cell wall components and toxins during different stages of growth that may affect the protective T cell responses to extracellular and intracellular...
Bacterial InfectionsThe Ser/Thr Kinase PrkC Participates in Cell Wall Homeostasis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium difficileClostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. During infection, C. difficile must detect the host environment and induce an appropriate survival strategy. Signal transduction networks involving serine/threonine kinases (STKs) play key roles in adaptation, as...
Molecular PathogenesisNeisseria gonorrhoeae PBP3 and PBP4 Facilitate NOD1 Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragment Release and Survival in Stationary PhaseNeisseria gonorrhoeae releases peptidoglycan fragments during growth, and these molecules induce an inflammatory response in the human host. The proinflammatory molecules include peptidoglycan monomers, peptidoglycan dimers, and free peptides.
- Molecular PathogenesisIdentification of the Chromosomal Region Essential for Serovar-Specific Antigen and Virulence of Serovar 1 and 2 Strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas, an infection characterized by acute septicemia or chronic endocarditis and polyarthritis. Among 17 E. rhusiopathiae serovars, determined based on heat-stable peptidoglycan antigens, serovars 1 and 2 are most commonly associated with the disease;...
- Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsHelicobacter pylori Exploits Cholesterol-Rich Microdomains for Induction of NF-κB-Dependent Responses and Peptidoglycan Delivery in Epithelial Cells
- Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsInflammatory Cytokine Response to Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan Requires Phagocytosis and Lysosomal Trafficking