phagocytosis
Host Response and InflammationRole of Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) in Experimental MelioidosisThe Gram-negative intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an important cause of sepsis in Southeast Asia. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for an appropriate immune response during pathogen invasion. In patients with melioidosis, TLR5 is the most abundantly...
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsMethamphetamine Impairs IgG1-Mediated Phagocytosis and Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by J774.16 Macrophage- and NR-9640 Microglia-Like CellsThe prevalence of methamphetamine (METH) use is estimated at ∼35 million people worldwide, with over 10 million users in the United States. Chronic METH abuse and dependence predispose the users to participate in risky behaviors that may result in the acquisition of HIV and AIDS-related infections.
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsBacterial Clearance Is Enhanced by α2,3- and α2,6-Sialyllactose via Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and PhagocytosisSialyllactose (SL) is a representative human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) of human breast milk. The roles of SL in infant brain development and immunity have been reported in previous studies.
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsCandida albicans Ras1 Inactivation Increases Resistance to Phagosomal Killing by Human NeutrophilsHost phagocytic cells are crucial players in initial defense against Candida albicans infection. C. albicans utilizes MAP kinases and Ras1 stress response signaling pathways to protect itself from killing by immune cells.
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsHistophilus somni Survives in Bovine Macrophages by Interfering with Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion but Requires IbpA for Optimal Serum ResistanceHistophilus somni is capable of intracellular survival within professional phagocytic cells, but the mechanism of survival is not understood. The Fic motif within the direct repeat (DR1)/DR2 domains of the IbpA fibrillary network protein of H. somni is cytotoxic to epithelial and phagocytic cells,...
- Host Response and Inflammation | SpotlightPlatelets Enhance Dendritic Cell Responses against Staphylococcus aureus through CD40-CD40L
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that can cause mild to severe life-threatening infections in many tissues and organs. Platelets are known to participate in protection against S. aureus by direct killing and by enhancing the activities of neutrophils and macrophages in clearing...
- Molecular PathogenesisYopN Is Required for Efficient Effector Translocation and Virulence in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are used by various Gram-negative pathogens to subvert the host defense by a host cell contact-dependent mechanism to secrete and translocate virulence effectors. While the effectors differ between pathogens and determine the pathogenic life style, the overall mechanism of secretion and translocation is conserved.
- Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsPhosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-Trisphosphate Induces Phagocytosis of Nonmotile Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathogenic bacteria that establish chronic infections in immunocompromised patients frequently undergo adaptation or selection for traits that are advantageous for their growth and survival. Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative, opportunistic bacterial pathogen, exhibit a temporal transition from a motile to a nonmotile phenotype through loss...
- Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsMacrophage Polarization Alters Postphagocytosis Survivability of the Commensal Streptococcus gordonii