Salmonella
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesUnexpected Role of CD8 T Cells in Accelerated Clearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from H-2 Congenic miceSalmonella infection can cause gastroenteritis in healthy individuals or a serious, systemic infection in immunocompromised patients and has a global impact. CD4 Th1 cells represent the main lymphocyte population that participates in bacterial clearance during both primary and secondary infections in mice of the H-2b haplotype.
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsSalmonella enterica Effectors SifA, SpvB, SseF, SseJ, and SteA Contribute to Type III Secretion System 1-Independent Inflammation in a Streptomycin-Pretreated Mouse Model of ColitisSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) induces inflammatory changes in the ceca of streptomycin-pretreated mice. In this mouse model of colitis, the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS-1) has been shown to induce rapid inflammatory change in the cecum at early points, 10 to 24 h after infection. Five proteins, SipA, SopA, SopB, SopD, and SopE2...
MinireviewTaming the Beast: Interplay between Gut Small Molecules and Enteric PathogensThe overuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria that are becoming increasingly dangerous to human health. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause at least 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths in the United States annually. Traditionally, antibiotics are bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents that place selective pressure on bacteria, leading to the...
MinireviewSalmonella enterica Serovar Panama, an Understudied Serovar Responsible for Extraintestinal Salmonellosis WorldwideIn recent years nontyphoidal Salmonella has emerged as one of the pathogens most frequently isolated from the bloodstream in humans. Only a small group of Salmonella serovars cause this systemic infection, known as invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Here, we present a focused minireview on Salmonella enterica serovar Panama, a serovar responsible...
Host Response and Inflammation | SpotlightActivation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Impacts the NOD1 Signaling PathwayNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for sensing bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. Stimulation of NOD1 leads to a robust innate immune response via activation of the major transcription factor NF-κB. In addition to peptidoglycan sensing, NOD1 and the closely related PRR NOD2 have been linked to inflammation by responding to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...
Host-Associated Microbial Communities | SpotlightHost-Derived Metabolites Modulate Transcription of Salmonella Genes Involved in l-Lactate Utilization during Gut ColonizationDuring Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, host inflammation alters the metabolic environment of the gut lumen to favor the outgrowth of the pathogen at the expense of the microbiota. Inflammation-driven changes in host cell metabolism lead to the release of l-lactate and molecular oxygen from the tissue into the gut lumen.
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Bacterial InfectionsSalmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Expressed in the Chicken Intestine and Promotes Bacterial ProliferationSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The bacterium can be transmitted to humans via contaminated chicken meat and eggs, and virulence in humans requires type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1), encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).
Bacterial InfectionsYraP Contributes to Cell Envelope Integrity and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar TyphimuriumMutations in σE-regulated lipoproteins have previously been shown to impact bacterial viability under conditions of stress and during in vivo infection. YraP is conserved across a number of Gram-negative pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis, where the homolog is a component of the Bexsero meningococcal group B vaccine.
Molecular GenomicsEvolution and Sequence Diversity of FhuA in Salmonella and EscherichiaThe fhuACDB operon, present in a number of Enterobacteriaceae, encodes components essential for the uptake of ferric hydroxamate type siderophores. FhuA acts not only as a transporter for physiologically important chelated ferric iron but also as a receptor for various bacteriophages, toxins, and antibiotics, which are pathogenic to bacterial cells.
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Host Response and InflammationDifferential Immune Phenotypes in Human Monocytes Induced by Non-Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis and Host-Adapted S. TyphimuriumWe studied the effects of two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (host-adapted) strains (14028 and 4/74) and three S. Choleraesuis (non-host-adapted) strains (A50, A45, and B195) in human monocytes between 2 and 24 h postinfection (p.i.) to investigate whether differences in immune response may explain the much higher prevalence of sepsis in individuals...