Salmonella
Host Response and Inflammation | SpotlightActivation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Impacts the NOD1 Signaling PathwayNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for sensing bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. Stimulation of NOD1 leads to a robust innate immune response via activation of the major transcription factor NF-κB. In addition to peptidoglycan sensing, NOD1 and the closely related PRR NOD2 have been linked to inflammation by responding to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...
Host-Associated Microbial Communities | SpotlightHost-Derived Metabolites Modulate Transcription of Salmonella Genes Involved in l-Lactate Utilization during Gut ColonizationDuring Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, host inflammation alters the metabolic environment of the gut lumen to favor the outgrowth of the pathogen at the expense of the microbiota. Inflammation-driven changes in host cell metabolism lead to the release of l-lactate and molecular oxygen from the tissue into the gut lumen.
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Bacterial InfectionsSalmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Expressed in the Chicken Intestine and Promotes Bacterial ProliferationSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The bacterium can be transmitted to humans via contaminated chicken meat and eggs, and virulence in humans requires type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1), encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).
Bacterial InfectionsYraP Contributes to Cell Envelope Integrity and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar TyphimuriumMutations in σE-regulated lipoproteins have previously been shown to impact bacterial viability under conditions of stress and during in vivo infection. YraP is conserved across a number of Gram-negative pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis, where the homolog is a component of the Bexsero meningococcal group B vaccine.
Molecular GenomicsEvolution and Sequence Diversity of FhuA in Salmonella and EscherichiaThe fhuACDB operon, present in a number of Enterobacteriaceae, encodes components essential for the uptake of ferric hydroxamate type siderophores. FhuA acts not only as a transporter for physiologically important chelated ferric iron but also as a receptor for various bacteriophages, toxins, and antibiotics, which are pathogenic to bacterial cells.
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Host Response and InflammationDifferential Immune Phenotypes in Human Monocytes Induced by Non-Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis and Host-Adapted S. TyphimuriumWe studied the effects of two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (host-adapted) strains (14028 and 4/74) and three S. Choleraesuis (non-host-adapted) strains (A50, A45, and B195) in human monocytes between 2 and 24 h postinfection (p.i.) to investigate whether differences in immune response may explain the much higher prevalence of sepsis in individuals...
- Microbial Immunity and VaccinesTerminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Is Not Required for Antibody Response to Polysaccharide Vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) diversity increases by several orders of magnitude due to the action of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) during V(D)J recombination. Unlike adults, infants have limited BCR diversity, in part due to reduced expression of TdT.
- Molecular PathogenesisMethylthioadenosine Suppresses Salmonella Virulence
In order to deploy virulence factors at appropriate times and locations, microbes must rapidly sense and respond to various metabolite signals. Previously, we showed a transient elevation of the methionine-derived metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) concentration in serum during systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.
- Bacterial Infections | SpotlightMalaria Parasite-Mediated Alteration of Macrophage Function and Increased Iron Availability Predispose to Disseminated Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection
Disseminated infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a significant cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. NTS infection in children is clinically associated with malaria, suggesting that malaria compromises the control of disseminated NTS infection.
- Bacterial InfectionsNovel Role of VisP and the Wzz System during O-Antigen Assembly in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenesis
Salmonella enterica serovars are associated with diarrhea and gastroenteritis and are a helpful model for understanding host-pathogen mechanisms. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates the distribution of O antigen (OAg) and presents a trimodal distribution based on Wzy polymerase and the...