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Salmonella

  • Failure of CD4 T Cell-Deficient Hosts To Control Chronic Nontyphoidal <em>Salmonella</em> Infection Leads to Exacerbated Inflammation, Chronic Anemia, and Altered Myelopoiesis
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Failure of CD4 T Cell-Deficient Hosts To Control Chronic Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Leads to Exacerbated Inflammation, Chronic Anemia, and Altered Myelopoiesis

    Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to recurrent nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia. A key manifestation of HIV infection is the loss of CD4 T cells, which are crucial for immunity to Salmonella infection. We characterized the consequences of CD4 T cell depletion in mice where virulent Salmonella establish chronic infection, similar to chronic NTS disease in humans. Salmonella-...

    Wendy P. Loomis, Martha A. Delaney, Matthew L. Johnson, Brad T. Cookson
  • Antibodies and Protection in Systemic <em>Salmonella</em> Infections: Do We Still Have More Questions than Answers?
    Minireview
    Antibodies and Protection in Systemic Salmonella Infections: Do We Still Have More Questions than Answers?

    Salmonella causes grave systemic infections in humans and other animals and provides a paradigm for other diseases in which the bacteria have both intracellular and extracellular lifestyles. New generations of vaccines rely on the essential contribution of the antibody responses for their protection. The quality, antigen specificity, and functions associated with...

    Pietro Mastroeni, Omar Rossi
  • The <em>Salmonella</em> LysR Family Regulator RipR Activates the SPI-13-Encoded Itaconate Degradation Cluster
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    The Salmonella LysR Family Regulator RipR Activates the SPI-13-Encoded Itaconate Degradation Cluster

    Itaconate is a dicarboxylic acid that inhibits the isocitrate lyase enzyme of the bacterial glyoxylate shunt. Activated macrophages have been shown to produce itaconate, suggesting that these immune cells may employ this metabolite as a weapon against invading bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro, itaconate can exhibit bactericidal effects under acidic conditions similar to the pH of a macrophage phagosome. In parallel...

    Steven J. Hersch, William Wiley Navarre
  • <em>Salmonella</em> Persistence and Host Immunity Are Dictated by the Anatomical Microenvironment
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Salmonella Persistence and Host Immunity Are Dictated by the Anatomical Microenvironment

    The intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella is able to evade the immune system and persist within the host. In some cases, these persistent infections are asymptomatic for long periods and represent a significant public health hazard because the hosts are potential chronic carriers, yet the mechanisms that control persistence are incompletely understood. Using a...

    Jonathan R Kurtz, Wildaliz Nieves, David L. Bauer, Kate E. Israel, Haley E. Adcox, John S. Gunn, Lisa A. Morici, James B. McLachlan
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Infection of Murine and Human Enteroid-Derived Monolayers Elicits Differential Activation of Epithelium-Intrinsic Inflammasomes
    Host Response and Inflammation
    Salmonella enterica Infection of Murine and Human Enteroid-Derived Monolayers Elicits Differential Activation of Epithelium-Intrinsic Inflammasomes

    Recent studies have determined that inflammasome signaling plays an important role in driving intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) responses to bacterial infections, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. There are two primary inflammasome pathways, canonical (involving caspase-1) and noncanonical (involving caspase-4 and -5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice)....

    Mayumi K. Holly, Xiao Han, Edward J. Zhao, Shauna M. Crowley, Joannie M. Allaire, Leigh A. Knodler, Bruce A. Vallance, Jason G. Smith
  • A Peptidoglycan Amidase Activator Impacts <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium Gut Infection
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    A Peptidoglycan Amidase Activator Impacts Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Gut Infection

    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important foodborne pathogen that causes diarrhea. S. Typhimurium elicits inflammatory responses and colonizes the gut lumen by outcompeting the microbiota. Although evidence is accumulating with regard to the underlying mechanism, the infectious stage...

    Nao Nakamura, Yusuke Hoshino, Takuro Shiga, Takeshi Haneda, Nobuhiko Okada, Tsuyoshi Miki
  • Open Access
    Atypical <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovars in Murine and Human Macrophage Infection Models
    Bacterial Infections
    Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovars in Murine and Human Macrophage Infection Models

    Nontyphoidal Salmonella species are globally disseminated pathogens and are the predominant cause of gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of salmonellosis has been extensively studied using in vivo murine models and cell lines, typically challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Although...

    Daniel Hurley, Maria Hoffmann, Tim Muruvanda, Marc W. Allard, Eric W. Brown, Marta Martins, Séamus Fanning
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium Uses PbgA/YejM To Regulate Lipopolysaccharide Assembly during Bacteremia
    Bacterial Infections | Spotlight
    Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Uses PbgA/YejM To Regulate Lipopolysaccharide Assembly during Bacteremia

    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) relies upon the inner membrane protein PbgA to enhance outer membrane (OM) integrity and promote virulence in mice. The PbgA transmembrane domain (residues 1 to 190) is essential for viability, while the periplasmic domain (residues 191 to 586) is dispensable. Residues within the basic region (residues...

    Melina B. Cian, Nicole P. Giordano, Revathi Masilamani, Keaton E. Minor, Zachary D. Dalebroux
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Requires Lipid Metabolism Genes To Replicate in Proinflammatory Macrophages and Mice
    Bacterial Infections | Spotlight
    Salmonella enterica Requires Lipid Metabolism Genes To Replicate in Proinflammatory Macrophages and Mice

    To survive and replicate during infection, pathogens utilize different carbon and energy sources depending on the nutritional landscape of their host microenvironment. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that occupies diverse cellular niches. While it is clear that Salmonella Typhimurium requires access to glucose...

    Abigail L. Reens, Toni A. Nagy, Corrella S. Detweiler
  • A Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Integrin Alpha L (<em>Itgal</em>) Gene Contributes to Susceptibility to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Collaborative Cross Strain CC042
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    A Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Integrin Alpha L (Itgal) Gene Contributes to Susceptibility to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Collaborative Cross Strain CC042

    Salmonella is an intracellular bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts. Mouse models have been extensively used to model in vivo distinct aspects of human Salmonella infections and have led to the identification of several host susceptibility genes. We have investigated the susceptibility of Collaborative Cross strains to intravenous infection with...

    Jing Zhang, Megan Teh, Jamie Kim, Megan M. Eva, Romain Cayrol, Rachel Meade, Anastasia Nijnik, Xavier Montagutelli, Danielle Malo, Jean Jaubert

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