vaccine
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesVaccine-Specific Immune Responses against Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection in a Low-Dose Murine Challenge ModelThe neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infection of subcutaneous tissue with Mycobacterium ulcerans. There is no effective vaccine. Here, we assessed an experimental prime-boost vaccine in a low-dose murine tail infection model. We used the enoyl reductase (ER) domain of the M. ulcerans...
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesConstruction and Characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigE fadD26 Unmarked Double Mutant as a Vaccine CandidateDespite the great increase in the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis achieved by the scientific community in recent decades, tuberculosis (TB) still represents one of the major threats to global human health.
Microbial Immunity and Vaccines | SpotlightClearance of Staphylococcus aureus from In Vivo Models of Chronic Infection by Immunization Requires Both Planktonic and Biofilm AntigensStaphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of chronic biofilm-associated infections that are recalcitrant to resolution by the immune system or antibiotics. To combat these infections, an antistaphylococcal, biofilm-specific quadrivalent vaccine against an osteomyelitis model in rabbits has previously been developed and shown to be effective at eliminating biofilm-...
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsExpression of the Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Type IV Pilus Is Stimulated by Coculture with Host Respiratory Tract Epithelial CellsThe type IV pilus (Tfp) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) mediates adherence, colonization, motility, and biofilm formation, and the major protein subunit, PilA, is a promising vaccine candidate. Thus, it is crucial to understand how Tfp expression is regulated within the microenvironments of the human nasopharynx, which NTHI colonizes asymptomatically, and...
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesIntradermal or Sublingual Delivery and Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Proteins Shape Immunologic Responses to a CFA/I Fimbria-Derived Subunit Antigen Vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coliEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in children, travelers, and deployed military personnel. As such, development of a vaccine would be advantageous for public health. One strategy is to use subunits of colonization factors combined with antigen/adjuvant toxoids as an ETEC vaccine.
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesAntibody-Dependent, Gamma Interferon-Independent Sterilizing Immunity Induced by a Subunit Malaria VaccineThe development of effective malaria vaccines is hampered by incomplete understanding of the immunological correlates of protective immunity. Recently, the moderate clinical efficacy of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-based RTS,S/AS01E vaccine in phase 3 studies highlighted the urgency to design and test more efficacious next-...
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesVaccination against Clostridium difficile by Use of an Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Vector (YS1646) Protects Mice from Lethal ChallengeClostridium difficile disease is mediated primarily by toxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB, respectively). The receptor binding domains (RBD) of TcdA and TcdB are immunogenic, and anti-RBD antibodies are protective. Since these toxins act locally, an optimal C. difficile vaccine would generate both...
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesImmunizations with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin Conjugates Engender Toxin-Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice That Also Cross-React with Guanylin and UroguanylinInfection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries, as well as of diarrhea among travelers to these countries. In children, ETEC strains secreting the heat-stable toxin (ST) are the most pathogenic, and there are ongoing efforts to develop vaccines that target ST.
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesGroup A Streptococcus T Antigens Have a Highly Conserved Structure Concealed under a Heterogeneous Surface That Has Implications for Vaccine DesignGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) is an important human pathogen associated with significant global morbidity and mortality for which there is no safe and efficacious vaccine. The T antigen, a protein that polymerizes to form the backbone of the GAS pilus structure, is a potential vaccine candidate.
Fungal and Parasitic InfectionsCombining Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL), CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), and QS-21 Adjuvants Induces Strong and Persistent Functional Antibodies and T Cell Responses against Cell-Traversal Protein for Ookinetes and Sporozoites (CelTOS) of Plasmodium falciparum in BALB/c MicePlasmodium falciparum cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (PfCelTOS) is an advanced vaccine candidate that has a crucial role in the traversal of the malaria parasite in both mosquito and mammalian hosts. As recombinant purified proteins are normally poor immunogens, they require to be admixed with an adjuvant(s); therefore, the objective of the...