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virulence factors

  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Burkholderia pseudomallei</span> as an Enteric Pathogen: Identification of Virulence Factors Mediating Gastrointestinal Infection
    Bacterial Infections
    Burkholderia pseudomallei as an Enteric Pathogen: Identification of Virulence Factors Mediating Gastrointestinal Infection

    Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. Despite advances in our understanding of the disease, B. pseudomallei poses a significant health risk, especially in regions of endemicity, where treatment requires prolonged antibiotic therapy. Even...

    Javier I. Sanchez-Villamil, Daniel Tapia, Grace I. Borlee, Bradley R. Borlee, David H. Walker, Alfredo G. Torres
  • A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> <em>In Vitro</em>
    Host-Associated Microbial Communities
    A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus pyogenes In Vitro

    Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) in model systems mimicking the respiratory tract is poorly documented. Most studies have been conducted on abiotic surfaces, which poorly represent human tissues. We have previously shown that GAS forms mature and antibiotic-resistant biofilms on physiologically relevant epithelial cells....

    Feiruz Alamiri, Yashuan Chao, Maria Baumgarten, Kristian Riesbeck, Anders P. Hakansson
  • Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Nasopharynx Requires Proinflammatory Signaling through the Interleukin-1 Receptor
    Host Response and Inflammation | Spotlight
    Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Nasopharynx Requires Proinflammatory Signaling through the Interleukin-1 Receptor

    Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the etiologic agent of numerous high-morbidity and high-mortality diseases. Infections are typically highly proinflammatory. During the invasive infection necrotizing fasciitis, this is in part due to the GAS protease SpeB directly activating interleukin-1β (IL-1β) independent of the canonical inflammasome pathway. The upper respiratory tract is the primary site for GAS colonization, infection,...

    Doris L. LaRock, Raedeen Russell, Anders F. Johnson, Shyra Wilde, Christopher N. LaRock
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Vibrio cholerae</span> OmpR Contributes to Virulence Repression and Fitness at Alkaline pH
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    Vibrio cholerae OmpR Contributes to Virulence Repression and Fitness at Alkaline pH

    Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative human pathogen and the causative agent of the life-threatening disease cholera. V. cholerae is a natural inhabitant of marine environments and enters humans through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The ability to transition between aquatic ecosystems...

    D. E. Kunkle, X. R. Bina, J. E. Bina
  • EirA Is a Novel Protein Essential for Intracellular Replication of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Coxiella burnetii</span>
    Molecular Pathogenesis
    EirA Is a Novel Protein Essential for Intracellular Replication of Coxiella burnetii

    The zoonotic bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, a febrile illness which can cause a serious chronic infection. C. burnetii is a unique intracellular bacterium which replicates within host lysosome-derived vacuoles. The ability of...

    Miku Kuba, Nitika Neha, Patrice Newton, Yi Wei Lee, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Abderrahman Hachani, David P. De Souza, Brunda Nijagal, Saravanan Dayalan, Dedreia Tull, Malcolm J. McConville, Fiona M. Sansom, Hayley J. Newton
  • The Distinct Immune-Stimulatory Capacities of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span> Strains 381 and ATCC 33277 Are Determined by the <em>fimB</em> Allele and Gingipain Activity
    Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
    The Distinct Immune-Stimulatory Capacities of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains 381 and ATCC 33277 Are Determined by the fimB Allele and Gingipain Activity

    The Porphyromonas gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 (33277) and 381 genomes are nearly identical. However, strain 33277 displays a significantly diminished capacity to stimulate host cell Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent signaling and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production relative to 381, suggesting that there are strain-specific differences in one or more bacterial...

    Stephen R. Coats, Nutthapong Kantrong, Thao T. To, Sumita Jain, Caroline A. Genco, Jeffrey S. McLean, Richard P. Darveau
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Entamoeba histolytica</span> Interaction with Enteropathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Escherichia coli</span> Increases Parasite Virulence and Inflammation in Amebiasis
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections
    Entamoeba histolytica Interaction with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Increases Parasite Virulence and Inflammation in Amebiasis

    Epidemiological studies suggest frequent association of enteropathogenic bacteria with Entamoeba histolytica during symptomatic infection. In this study, we sought to determine if the interaction with enteropathogenic (EPEC) or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (strain DH5α) could modify the virulence...

    Luz A. Fernández-López, Karla Gil-Becerril, Silvia Galindo-Gómez, Teresa Estrada-García, Cecilia Ximénez, Aralia Leon-Coria, France Moreau, Kris Chadee, Víctor Tsutsumi
  • <em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> Mp1 Protein, a Novel Virulence Factor, Carries Two Arachidonic Acid-Binding Domains To Suppress Inflammatory Responses in Hosts
    Fungal and Parasitic Infections | Spotlight
    Talaromyces marneffei Mp1 Protein, a Novel Virulence Factor, Carries Two Arachidonic Acid-Binding Domains To Suppress Inflammatory Responses in Hosts

    Talaromyces marneffei infection causes talaromycosis (previously known as penicilliosis), a very important opportunistic systematic mycosis in immunocompromised patients. Different virulence mechanisms in T. marneffei have been proposed and investigated.

    Wai-Hei Lam, Kong-Hung Sze, Yihong Ke, Man-Kit Tse, Hongmin Zhang, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Susanna K. P. Lau, Candy C. Y. Lau, Simin Xu, Pok-Man Lai, Ting Zhou, Svetlana V. Antonyuk, Richard Y. T. Kao, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Quan Hao
  • Minireview
    Are Sphingolipids and Serine Dipeptide Lipids Underestimated Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis?
    Ingar Olsen, Frank C. Nichols
  • Free
    Bacterial Infections
    Pneumococcal Phenotype and Interaction with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as Determinants of Otitis Media Progression
    Joseph A. Lewnard, Noga Givon-Lavi, Paula A. Tähtinen, Ron Dagan

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