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Molecular PathogenesisSynergy between Nutritional Immunity and Independent Host Defenses Contributes to the Importance of the MntABC Manganese Transporter during Staphylococcus aureus InfectionDuring infection, the host utilizes a diverse array of processes to combat invaders, including the restriction of availability of essential nutrients such as manganese. Similarly to many other pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus possesses two manganese importers, MntH and MntABC.
Bacterial InfectionsIncreased Mortality in Mice following Immunoprophylaxis Therapy with High Dosage of Nicotinamide in Burkholderia Persistent InfectionsBacterial persistence, known as noninherited antibacterial resistance, is a factor contributing to the establishment of long-lasting chronic bacterial infections. In this study, we examined the ability of nicotinamide (NA) to potentiate the activity of different classes of antibiotics against Burkholderia thailandensis persister cells.
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesControlled Infection Immunization Using Delayed Death Drug Treatment Elicits Protective Immune Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria ParasitesNaturally acquired immunity to malaria is robust and protective against all strains of the same species of Plasmodium. This develops as a result of repeated natural infection, taking several years to develop.
Host Response and InflammationOverlapping Roles for Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Protective Host Defense against Murine Legionella pneumophila PneumoniaLegionella pneumophila causes life-threatening pneumonia culminating in acute lung injury. Innate and adaptive cytokines play an important role in host defense against L. pneumophila infection.
Fungal and Parasitic InfectionsPlasmodium falciparum Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Interacts with a Subunit of the Parasite ProteasomeMalaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, which undergoes a complex life cycle in a human host and a mosquito vector. The parasite’s cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is essential at multiple steps of the life cycle.
Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular InteractionsPhosphothreonine Lyase Promotes p65 Degradation in a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1-Dependent MannerBacterial phosphothreonine lyases have been identified to be type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors that irreversibly dephosphorylate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote infection. However, the effects of phosphothreonine lyase on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling remain largely unknown.
Bacterial InfectionsSalmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Is Expressed in the Chicken Intestine and Promotes Bacterial ProliferationSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The bacterium can be transmitted to humans via contaminated chicken meat and eggs, and virulence in humans requires type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1), encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).
Bacterial InfectionsAcinetobacter baumannii OxyR Regulates the Transcriptional Response to Hydrogen PeroxideAcinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes diverse infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and wound infections. Due to multiple intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms, A. baumannii isolates are commonly multidrug resistant, and infections...
Microbial Immunity and VaccinesGranzyme B Is an Essential Mediator in CD8+ T Cell Killing of Theileria parva-Infected CellsThere is established evidence that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important mediators of immunity against the bovine intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva. However, the mechanism by which the specific CD8+ T cells kill parasitized cells is not understood.
Host Response and InflammationGene Expression Differences in Host Response to Schistosoma haematobium InfectionSchistosome worms infect over 200 million people worldwide. They live in the host’s bloodstream and alter host immunity.